437 research outputs found
160 - Marissa Karpack
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.Floodplain integrity can be defined as the ability of a floodplain to support essential functions that maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services. This ongoing research involves developing a novel framework to quantitatively assess floodplain integrity based on changes to hydrologic and landscape attributes that impact critical floodplain functions. For each floodplain function, measurable stressors that inhibit the floodplain function are identified. Each stressor variable is quantified relative to its theoretical maximum value using datasets available for large spatial scales. The floodplain integrity index for the given floodplain is assessed as the product of the indices of integrity for all floodplain functions.Walter Scott, Jr. College of Engineering - Excellence in Research
Racial Discrimination Reflected in Marissa Meyer's Novel Cinder (2012): a Marxist Perspective
No full textFadhila Ika Aprilia. A320140026. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED
IN MARISSA MEYER’S CINDER (2012) : A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE.
Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhamadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2018
This research has purpose to analyze the existance of racial discrimination in Cinder
novel by using Marxist theory. In this research, the method of collecting data use
documentation technique. The reseacher uses two data resources: first, Cinder novel
by Marissa Meyer as the main data and the second data are the bioghraphy of the
author, data from internet, and infomations that related to this research. The result of
this research shows the indicator of the racial discrimination, how racial
discrimination depicted by the author, and the reason of the author choose racial
discrimination as the theme of this novel. The researcher also finds Marxist
perpective through five major priciples of Marxist theory by Karl Marx. The
researcher finds that allienation, class struggle, and revolution shown by the author
on this novel
Characterizing Grocery Store COVID-19 Controls in the Pacific Northwest
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2021University of WashingtonAbstract
Characterizing Grocery Store COVID-19 Controls in the Pacific Northwest Allen Chan Chair of Supervisory Committee:Marissa Baker
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Objectives: To characterize grocery store health and safety controls implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic across stores in different cities, areas of differing levels of income, and types of stores.Methods: This longitudinal, observational study of 16 stores between Seattle, WA (n=9) and Portland, OR (n=7) was conducted from May 2020 to January 2021. Stores were visited monthly and observations of controls were recorded using a standardized checklist in REDCap. Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the proportion of stores with a certain control.
Results: Controls like mask requirements and plexiglass screens at checkout were most common and consistent across stores and over the study period. There were no clear trends in the implementation of controls among grocery stores of different cities, in areas with differing income levels, and of different chains.
Conclusions: Of the controls observed, mask requirements and plexiglass screens were most common. Specific rules could ensure quick and consistent adoption of controls (e.g., mask mandate). Additionally, low maintenance, less resource intensive controls (e.g., screens) may be easier for stores to implement
Characterizing Grocery Store COVID-19 Controls in the Pacific Northwest
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2021University of WashingtonAbstract
Characterizing Grocery Store COVID-19 Controls in the Pacific Northwest Allen Chan Chair of Supervisory Committee:Marissa Baker
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Objectives: To characterize grocery store health and safety controls implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic across stores in different cities, areas of differing levels of income, and types of stores.Methods: This longitudinal, observational study of 16 stores between Seattle, WA (n=9) and Portland, OR (n=7) was conducted from May 2020 to January 2021. Stores were visited monthly and observations of controls were recorded using a standardized checklist in REDCap. Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the proportion of stores with a certain control.
Results: Controls like mask requirements and plexiglass screens at checkout were most common and consistent across stores and over the study period. There were no clear trends in the implementation of controls among grocery stores of different cities, in areas with differing income levels, and of different chains.
Conclusions: Of the controls observed, mask requirements and plexiglass screens were most common. Specific rules could ensure quick and consistent adoption of controls (e.g., mask mandate). Additionally, low maintenance, less resource intensive controls (e.g., screens) may be easier for stores to implement
Elementary teachers' knowledge and implementation of applied behavior analysis techniques
No full textTeachers can effectively reduce students’ disruptive behaviors through the use of
evidence-based applied behavior analysis (ABA) techniques; however, a review of the
literature indicates that teachers are not consistently implementing these strategies. This
study surveyed 203 elementary teachers (K - 5), from four elementary schools in two
New Jersey school districts, to assess their knowledge and frequency of use of 15 ABA
techniques, as well as the frequency with which various conditions acted as barriers to
their implementation of ABA strategies, the effectiveness and types of instructional
techniques used in their training when learning about ABA strategies, and the importance
of different activities/experiences when learning to use ABA techniques. Participants’
demographic characteristics were also examined in relation to the above-mentioned
factors. Results revealed that the majority of teachers perceived themselves as knowledgeable or very knowledgeable about each ABA strategy. Furthermore, ABA techniques reportedly employed the most frequently were all positive rather than
punitive. Most teachers indicated that a variety of activities/experiences were important
or very important in their attempts to learn to use ABA strategies, particularly
discussion/working with colleagues and professional development. Regarding
instructional techniques used in training, participants reported that observing one’s
mentor/cooperating teacher and practicing and receiving feedback were some of the most
effective when learning about ABA strategies. When implementing ABA techniques, few
teachers reported that any of the conditions were often or very often barriers, although
lack of feedback/guidance and a lack of knowledge/skill were rated as occurring most frequently. Analysis of demographic characteristics revealed that special educators perceived themselves to be more knowledgeable than general educators about ABA
techniques; females rated themselves as more knowledgeable than males; and teachers
with more years of experience tended to report being both more knowledgeable about and
also employing ABA strategies more often. Findings suggest that the training teachers
receive both in their teacher preparation programs and also after entering their profession
can positively influence their perceived knowledge and frequency of use of ABA
strategies. Future research can further explore specific aspects of teachers’ training, background, and/or professional experience that might enhance their knowledge and implementation of ABA techniques.Psy.DIncludes bibliographical referencesby Marissa E. Randazz
The Silhouette of a Spy Story
No full textabstract: The first section of this project analyzes and compares writing techniques of authors who write in the spy fiction genre. A short story written by Marissa Arnold makes up the second component of the project and begins on page 23. The story follows the unexpected adventure of a covert agent working in 2029
Salience of Automation and Insomnia in Young Adults
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2024In this thesis, I examine the influence of the salience of automation on the insomnia of young adults. Automation is increasing at a rapid rate, and has potentially important implications for the careers of young adults who could see the jobs that they have or aim to have be replaced by automation in the relatively near future. Job insecurity, job loss, and financial insecurity are all ultimately public health issues in and of themselves, but I posit that the salience of automation can potentially lead to widespread insomnia, which is another public health issue. Specifically, I propose that the salience of automation waxes and wanes over time. I hypothesize that this variance in the salience of automation will have important implications for the insomnia of young adults, through the mediating mechanism of anxiety. Finally, I hypothesize that an opportunity for self-affirmation will ameliorate these effects. To test these hypotheses, I conducted a pre-registered field experiment in which I manipulate the salience of automation as well as an opportunity to engage in self-affirmation. In my field experiment of261 young adults (aged 18-25), the data did not support the pre-registered hypotheses. Post hoc exploratory analyses indicate that salience of automation did lead to an increase in insomnia for students, but not participants who had jobs already. However, this effect is not mediated by anxiety. Additional post hoc exploratory analyses examining age and gender as moderators did not reveal any significant moderation effects. Finally, a set of post hoc exploratory analyses examining alternative similar outcomes of sleep quality also failed to reveal a significant effect of salience of automation. Overall, these results fail to support my model, but do indicate the possibility that adults who are students may be more vulnerable to the effects of salience of automation on insomnia than those who are out of school in and the working world
Characterizing the Burden and Distribution of Occupational Exposures by Sociodemographic Groups in the United States: A Novel Application of Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM) Data
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2022Introduction: Occupational exposure surveillance has historically been of limited focus in the United States (US). However, understanding the burden of occupational exposures is critical for the primary prevention of work-related injuries and illnesses. The primary objective of this analysis was two-fold: to estimate the number and prevalence of workers exposed to over 200 occupational hazards in the US, and to explore patterns of exposure across sociodemographic groups. The secondary objective was to identify occupations with the highest exposure burdens for each of the occupational hazards explored in this analysis. Methods: For this analysis, occupational exposure data from the Canadian job-exposure matrix (CANJEM) was combined with worker demographic and wage data from the US Census Bureau and US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Current Population Survey (CPS) and US BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey to characterize the burden and distribution of hazardous exposures by sociodemographic groups in the US. Further, an Exposure Burden Index (EBI) was developed to identify occupations with high burdens of exposure, based on the average of the rank orders for probability of exposure (i.e., likelihood of exposure), frequency-weight intensity of exposure (i.e., magnitude of exposure), and the number of estimated exposed workers (i.e., extent of exposure) for each agent in the analysis. Occupations were additionally characterized by wage and other measures of inequity. Results: Of the occupational hazards examined in this analysis, the most prevalent exposures experienced by workers in the US were cleaning agents (11.8% of workforce exposed), engine emissions (10.9%), organic solvents (10.4%), biocides (8.4%), and PAHs from any source (7.8%). Exposures were found to be unevenly distributed by sociodemographic groups. The majority of exposures in this analysis disproportionately burdened workers who were of color, except those identifying as Asian; male; lower educated; and foreign-born. Conclusions: The findings from this descriptive analysis suggest that the least privileged sociodemographic groups tend to bear the greatest burden of occupational exposures in the US. To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine a population-based job-exposure matrix (JEM) with employment and demographic data to estimate the burden of occupational exposures and characterize exposure disparities among sociodemographic groups in the US. The wealth of data generated in this analysis can help identify the extent of occupational exposures, specific populations disproportionately burdened by exposures and at risk of excess occupational illnesses, and occupations with high exposure burdens that may not otherwise have been identified through current health outcome-based occupational health surveillance systems. This information can be used to target occupational health research, policy, and intervention efforts aimed at reducing occupational illnesses in the US. The incorporation of sociodemographic information can additionally help inform equitable approaches to reduce occupational exposure and health disparities
Occupational Health in U.S. Transit Agencies: Trends in OSHA-Reportable Illnesses and Injuries (2016–2023)
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2025Introduction: Transit workers in the United States face a host of occupational health hazards including chronic exposure to physical, chemical, and psychosocial agents. A systematic review of 187 studies identified that all workers suffering hazardous occupational noise exposure can cause permanent auditory threshold shifts, though the evidence for elevated risk among railway workers is mixed, with some studies showing minimal or no increased loss relative to reference populations. Respiratory illness is a recognized occupational concern for transit workers, driven in part by elevated exposures to airborne pollutants in enclosed and high-density transit environments. Measured concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) inside buses and subways, coupled with inadequate ventilation or filtration, contribute to inflammation and increased risk of chronic respiratory conditions, and musculoskeletal disorders driven by static postures and vibration.1,2,3,4,5 These exposures may contribute to a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and mental health conditions among transit employees compared to the general workforce.6 Despite the severity and persistence of these conditions, occupational health surveillance and regulatory prioritization in the transit sector remain fragmented and underdeveloped.6,7,8 Efforts to quantify these burdens are further complicated by systemic underreporting, definitional inconsistencies, and jurisdictional barriers to case recognition.8,9,10 This thesis explores these gaps by examining national Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA’s) Injury Tracking Application (ITA) data from 2016–202311, with analyses by agency size, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) classification12, and geographic context. The ITA dataset offers establishment-level detail enabling trend analysis by agency characteristics. The findings aim to inform targeted policy responses and advance data-driven protections for transit workers across the country.Our hypothesis is that OSHA-reportable rates of hearing loss, poisonings, respiratory disorders, skin disorders, days away from work, other illnesses, deaths, and total illness, differ significantly over time and by agency subgroup, particularly size and geographic classification. This will be evaluated through:
Aim 1: Assess temporal trends in illness rates across the study period (2016–2023).
Aim 1A: Identify statistically significant differences between individual years.
Aim 1B: Examine whether respiratory illness rates increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021).
Aim 2: Compare illness rates across transit agency subgroups.
Aim 2A: Assess statistically significant differences in illness rates by establishment (agency) size classification.
Methods:
A retrospective descriptive study design was applied using OSHA’s ITA data by NAICS codes 4851 for urban transit systems and 4852 for interurban and rural bus transportation and establishment level information such as, total hours worked at the agency in the previous year, agency size, and geographic location. The ITA is composed of OSHA-reportable cases, which include any work-related fatality, loss of consciousness, days away from work, restricted duty, job transfer, or injuries and illnesses requiring medical treatment beyond first aid. Also included are diagnosed cases of cancer, chronic irreversible diseases, fractured bones or teeth, punctured eardrums, and cases meeting specific recording criteria such as needlestick injuries, medical removal, hearing loss, tuberculosis, and work-related Covid-19 reported as respiratory conditions.13 Rates were calculated per full-time equivalent (FTE) employees to normalize across agency size based on hours worked. Variables such as geographic region, agency size, and transit classification based on NAICS codes for urban transit vs. interurban and rural bus transportation, were incorporated into the analysis. Analytical methods included Mann-Kendall trend tests to assess changes in illness and injury rates from 2016 to 2023. Year-to-year differences were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis tests, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare rates across pandemic periods. Linear regression models were applied to examine associations between illness rates and agency-level characteristics such as size, region, and NAICS classification. A hierarchical clustering method was used to normalize and merge establishment records across years by grouping similar company names and addresses, improving consistency in longitudinal analysis. Results: OSHA-reportable illness and injury rates in U.S. transit agencies remained largely stable between 2016 and 2023, with no apparent trends observed. While respiratory conditions and poisonings showed increases in 2021 and 2022 respectively, these increases were not statistically significance. Only injury rates varied significantly by year, spiking in 2021, though these were not statistically significant after adjustment. Linear regression models, excluding state-level predictors, identified agency size was a modest but statistically significant predictor of hearing loss (β = 0.0925, 95% CI [0.0667, 0.1183]), though the overall model fit was poor (adjusted R² = 0.026). Conclusion: This thesis presents a national, retrospective multi-year assessment of OSHA-reportable illness and injury trends among reporting U.S. transit employers from 2016 to 2023. While rates remained generally stable over the study period, the ability to predict illness and injury patterns based on agency-level characteristics captured in ITA data was limited. This limitation likely reflects the narrow scope of available variables, which exclude key factors such as worker demographics, job classifications, and exposure conditions. These limitations emphasize the need for improved occupational health surveillance in both urban and rural transit sectors. A more robust and integrated surveillance system would better equip health and safety practitioners to identify patterns early and implement preventive strategies. Future research should incorporate workers’ compensation records, Federal Transit Administration (FTA) datasets, and proactive hazard monitoring, with a focus on high-risk roles and standardized reporting practices
Hunting Dogs as Sentinels for Avian Influenza: Examining Zoonotic Disease Transmission Risk and Human-Canine Interactions
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2024As identification of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreaks in mammals increase, there is a growing concern that the virus will spill over into the human population. H5N1 HPAIV has been a panzootic and public health concern since 1996. Although few cases of H5N1 HPAIV have been reported in dogs, hunting dogs that retrieve waterfowl are a high-risk group due to their physical contact with the environment, wildlife, and human handlers as well as previously documented infections with other influenza strains. This study is a combination of a primary cross-sectional study and secondary national study. In the primary study completed in 2023, blood serum was collected from Washington State hunting dogs and analyzed for H5 and N1 subtypes of HPAIV. Surveys completed by dog owners detailed the dogs’ retrieving activities and health background. A secondary national survey of hunters from January to mid-March 2024 characterized the types of interactions and relationship humans maintained with their hunting dogs along with contact between hunting dogs and other dogs. Descriptive analyses of the primary study (n=192) revealed 57.3% of participants did not have their hunting dogs vaccinated for CIVs and 18.8% did not know if their dog had a history of CIV infection. Descriptive statistical analysis of the secondary national survey (n=112) indicated that a majority of participants considered their hunting dog as part of the family (93.8%), but not as a pet (57.1%). Of dogs that lived inside the home and slept in the same room as their owners, 67.5% also slept in the bed. When considering the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), 96.4% of respondents did not utilize PPE when handling a sick dog and 81.3% did not use PPE when handling harvested birds. An exploratory analysis of the primary study utilized logistic regression models to determine the risk factors associated with H5N1 HPAIV infection in hunting dogs. From the exploratory analysis, the odds of a hunting dog infected with H5N1 HPAIV was 20.28 times greater for dogs that retrieved sick birds in the past 12 months compared to dogs that did not retrieve any sick birds (95% CI: 3.15, 217.30). Findings from this research demonstrate the complex, sustained physical and personal connections between individuals and their hunting dogs. Additional research utilizing a One Health approach is necessary to ascertain the risk factors associated with H5N1 HPAIV infection in hunting dogs and to enhance our understanding of the environment’s role in the transmission of H5N1 HPAIV. Results from this study provide a unique understanding of the interactions between humans and their hunting dogs, and the potential to leverage the well-being of hunting dogs to protect public health as well by identifying opportunities to introduce preventative measures to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission events
- …
