741 research outputs found
Control of steroid secretion by the ovary
No full textThis thesis covers papers published over a 10 year
period from 1965-1975. The research concerns the
synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones by the ovary,
the effect of steroid hormones on secretion of
gonadotrophins by the anterior pituitary, and the
endocrine basis of some disorders of the hypothalamicpituitary-ovarian axis which occur in clinical practice.In 196k there was no technique available for measuring
the concentration of oestrogens in blood of men or women.
Initially I developed a double isotope derivative method
for the measurement of oestrone and oestradiol in
biological fluids including blood. This method was
considerably more sensitive and precise than other assays
described at that time and allowed the measurement of
oestrogens in samples of peripheral blood. It was possible
to establish for the first time the changes in the
concentration of oestradiol.; and odstrone in blood throughout
the ovarian cycle in women. Prom the fact that the
concentration of oestrone exceeded that of oestradiol in the
plasma of post-menopausal women and men, it was deduced
that there must be a significant extraglandular production
of oestrogen.A technique was developed for the measurement of the
secretion rate of ovarian steroids directly in the
conscious animal. The ovary, uterus or ovary and uterus of
the sheep were autotransplanted to a skin pouch in the neck
the vascular supply being maintained by anastomosis of
the ovarian and/or uterine artery to the carotid artery
and the utero-ovarian vein to the jugular vein. These
preparations permit longterm access to arterial and
venous sides of the ovarian circulation.Using the autotransplant preparations, the
pituitary and uterine factors controlling ovarian steroid
secretion in the ewe were investigated. By infusing
purified gonadotrophins through the ovary via the ovarian
artery, it was demonstrated that prolactin and PSH had no
effect on the secretion of steroids by the ovary, LH
caused a significant increase in ovarian blood flow and a
transient rise in the secretion rate of steroids. The
effects of local changes in temperature and administration
of X-irradiation on secretion of steroids by the ovary
were investigated.The ovarian autotransplant preparation played a key
role in the identification of prostaglandin F2α as the
uterine luteolytic factor in the sheep. When the ovary was
autotransplanted to the neck cyclical ovarian activity
ceased due to the fact that the corpus luteum failed to
regress. When the uterus together with the ovary was
transplanted as a block of tissue normal ovarian cyclicity
occurred. Regression of the persistent corpus luteum could
be induced by infusion of prostaglandin F2α. Convincing
evidence of the involvement of naturally occurring
prostaglandin F2a in the mechanism of normal luteal
regression was provided when it was demonstrated that
active immunization against a prostaglandin F2α-protein
conjugate resulted in persistence of the corpus luteum.
The luteolytic activity of uterine venous plasma was
shown to be increased at the end of the cycle in the
sheep at a time when the concentration of prostaglandin
F2α in uterine venous plasma was elevated. Ligation of
the uterine vein prevented normal luteal regression
suggesting that the luteolytic factor left the uterus in
uterine venous blood. The demonstration that
prostaglandin F2α could pass directly from the uteroovarian vein to the overlying ovarian artery led to the
counter-current exchange hypothesis. This exchange
mechanism involving transfer of a hormone (prostaglandin
F2α from a vein to an artery directly through the wall
of the vessels, was thought unique at the time but it has
subsequently been shown that testosterone is transferred
in a similar fashion from spermatic vein to testicular
artery.Isotope dilution techniques involving constant
infusion into the blood, were applied to the dynamics of
oestrogen secretion. The concept of pre-hormones i.e.
hormones which in themselves have little intrinsic
biological activity but are converted in peripheral tissue
to more biologically potent hormones, was developed from an
analysis of steroid dynamics under steady state conditions.
In this way it was possible to define quantitatively the
amount of oestrogen or androgen secreted as such and the
amount which arose from pre-hormones. These techniques
were only possible because of the availability of reliable
methods for the measurement of the concentration of
endogenous steroids in peripheral blood.In order to determine the source of secreted hormone
direct sampling of the glandular venous effluent is
necessary. A technique combining direct sampling with
constant infusion isotope dilution was described and used
to measure quantitatively the secretion of androgens and
oestrogens from the human ovary. The secretion of
androgens, oestrogens and progestins into follicular
cavity was compared with that into the ovarian vein.
Direct proof that the human adrenal and testis secrete
oestrogens was obtained for the first time.Pituitary-ovarian relationships were investigated in
conditions which present clinically as disorders of
menstruation. It was demonstrated that the anovulatory
nature of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is due to the
failure of oestradiol to elicit an ovulatory discharge of
LH. The nature of oestrogen secreted and its subsequent
metabolism is normal in women with this condition. In
polycystic ovarian disease although the positive feedback
mechanism is intact, ovulation fails to occur because of
inadequate follicular development. The relatively high
basal concentration of LH together with the suhnormal
level of P3H may result from the excessive amount of
oestrone derived from androstenedione.A technique was developed to perfuse in vitro the
entire foeto-placental unit via catheters in the uterine
arteries. In this way the role of maternal precursors in
the synthesis of steroids by the placenta and foetus could
be studied in vitro. It was demonstrated that placental
progesterone could be synthesized from cholesterol
circulating in the maternal uterine arterial blood.PUBLICATIONS: •
SECTION 1 •
1. BAIRD, D.T. (1968). A method for the measurement of estrone and estradiol-17ß in peripheral human blood and other biological fluids using ³⁵S pipsyl chloride. J. clin. Endocr. Metab. 28, 244-258. •
2. SCARAMUZZI, R.J., CORKER, C.S., YOUNG, G. & BAIRD, D.T. (1974). Production of antisera to steroid hormones in sheep. In Steroid Immunoassay, Proceedings of the Fifth Tenovus Workshop, Cardiff, April 1974. Editors E.H.D. Cameron, S.G. Hillier and K. Griffiths. Alpha Omega Publishing Ltd., Cardiff, pp 111-122. •
3. BAIRD, D.T., HORTON, R., LONGCOPE, C. & TAIT, J.F. (1969). Steroid dynamics under steady-state conditions. Rec. Progr. Horm. Res. 25, 611-664. •
4. BAIRD, D.T., HORTON, R., LONGCOPE, C. & TAIT, J.F. (1968). Steroid prehormones. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 11, 384-421. •
5. BAIRD, D.T. (l970). The secretion of androgens and oestrogens from the ovary and adrenal gland. In Reproductive Endocrinology, Proceedings of Symposium of the Section of Endocrinology of the Royal Society of Medicine. Edited by W.J. Irvine and J.A. Loraine. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 95-99. •
6. GODING, J.R., McCRACKEN, J.A. & BAIRD, D.T. (1967). The study of ovarian function in the ewe by means of a vascular autotransplantation technique. J. Endocr. 22, 37-52. •
7. Mccracken, J.A. & Baird, D.T. (1969). The study of ovarian function by means of transplantation of the ovary of the ewe. In The Gonads. Edited by K.W. McKerns. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp. 175-209. •
8. GODING, J.R., BAIRD, D.T., CUMMING, I.A. & McCRACKEN, J.A. (1971). Functional assessment of autotransplanted endocrine organs. In Proceedings of Karolinska Symposium on Research Methods in Reproductive Endocrinology, 4th Symposium, Perfusion Techniques. pp. 169-199. •
9. BAIRD, D.T. (1965). The use of continuous suction in gynaecological surgery. j. Obstet. Gynec. Brit. Cwlth. 62, 259-263. • •
SECTION 2 •
10. BAIRD, D.T., & GUEVARA, A. (1969). Concentration of unconjugated estrone and estradiol in peripheral plasma of nonpregnant women throughout the menstrual cycle, castrate and post menopausal women and in men. J. clin. Endocr. Metab. 2£, 149-156. •
11. Baird, D.T. (l97l). Steroids in blood reflecting ovarian function. In Gonadal Steroid Secretion. Edinburgh University Press, pp 176-191. •
12. BAIRD, D.T. & FRASER, I.S. (1975). Concentration of oestrone and oestradiol in follicular fluid and ovarian venous blood of women. Clinical Endocrinology 4 (in press). •
13. BAIRD, D.T. & FRASER, I.S. (1974). Blood production and ovarian secretion rates of estradiol-17P and estrone in women throughout the menstrual cycle. J. clin. Endocr. Me tab. JJ8, 1009-1017. •
14. BAIRD, D.T., UNO, A. & MELBY, J.C. (1969). Adrenal secretion of androgens and oestrogens, J, Endocr. 45, 135-136. •
15. LLOYD, C.W., LOBOTSKY, J., BAIRD, D.T., McCRACKEN, J.A., WEI3Z, J., PUPKEN, M., ZANARTU, J., & FUGA, J. (1971). Concentration of unconjugated estrogens, androgens and gestagens in ovarian and peripheral venous plasma of women : the normal menstrual cycle. J. clin. Endocr. Metab. 32, 155-166. •
16. DE JONG, F.H., BAIRD, D.T. & VAN DER MOLEN, H.J. (1974). Ovarian secretion rates of oestrogens, androgens und progesterone in normal women and in women with persistent ovarian follicles. Acta Endocr. 77, 575- 587. •
17. BAIRD, D.T., GALBRAITH, A., FRASER, I.S. & NEWSAM, J.E. (1973). The concentration of oestrone and oestradiol17P in spermatic venous blood in man. J. Endocr. 57, 285-288. •
18. BAIRD, D.T. (1974). The endocrinology of ovarian steroid secretion. Kurop. J. Obstet. Gynec. Reprod. Biol. 4/1. 31-39. •
19. BAIRD, D.T., BURGER, P.E., HEAV0N-J0NES, G.D. & SCARAMUZZI, R.J. (1974). The site of secretion of and.rostened.ione in non-pregnant women. J. Endocr. 63, 201-212. •
20. PRASER, I.S., BAIRD, D.T. & COCKBURN, P. (1973). Ovarian venous blood PO₂, PCO₂ and pH in women. J. Reprod. Fert. 11-17. • •
SECTION 3 •
21. BAIRD, D.T., GODING, J.R., ICHIKAWA, Y. & McCRACKEN, J,A. (1968). The secretion of steroids from the autotransplanted ovary in the ewe spontaneously and in response to systemic gonadotrophin. J. Endocr. 42, 283-299. •
22. BAIRD, D.T., McCRACKEN, J.A. & GODING, J.R. (1973). Studies in steroid synthesis and secretion with the autotransplanted sheep ovary and adrenal. In The Endocrinology of Pregnancy and Parturition - Experimental Studies in the Sheep. Proc. of Cardiff Symposium. Editor C.G. Pierrepoint. Alpha Omega Alpha Publishing. pp 5-16. •
23. McCRACKEN, J.A., UNO, A., GODING, J.R., ICHIKAWA, Y. & BAIRD, D.T. (1969). The in-vivo effects of sheep pituitary gonadotrophins on the secretion of steroids by the autotransplanted ovary of the ewe. J. Endocr. 45, 425-440. •
24. COLLECT, R.A., LAND, R.B. & BAIRD, D.T. (1973). The pattern of progesterone secretion by the autotransplanted ovary of the ewe in response to ovine luteinizing hormone. J. Endocr. 56, 403-411. •
25. BAIRD, D.T. & COLLECT, R.A. (1973). Progesterone secretion by the sheep corpus luteuin after repeated infusions of luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin. J. Endocr. 57, 299-305. •
26. LAND, R.B., COLLECT, R.A. & BAIRD, D.T. (1974). Insensitivity of the autotransplanted ovary of the ewe to ovine luteinizing hormone. J. Endocr. 62, 165-166. •
27. BAIRD, D.T., GILES, M. & COCKBURN, P. (1973). The PO₂. PCO₂, pH and oxygen content of ovarian venous blood of sheep. J. Endocr. 57, 405-411. •
28. RADO, A., McCRACKEN, J.A. & BAIRD, D.T. (1970). The formation of oestrogens by the autotransplanted ovary of the ewe perfused in vivo with C₁₉ steroids. J-7 Acta Endocr. 65, 244-260. •
29. ICHIKAWA, Y., McCRACKEN, J.A., BAIRD, D.T. & UNO, A. (1968). Effect of X-ray irradiation on ovarian steroid secretion in the sheep. Excerpta Medical International Congress Series No. 157, abstract. p.84. •
30. LAND, R.B., THOMPSON, R. & BAIRD, D.T. (1972). The duration of oestrus in ovariectomized Finnish Landrace and Scottish Blackface ewes following progesterone and oestrogen treatment. J. Reprod. Fert. 30, 39-44. •
31. McCRACKEN, J.A., BAIRD, D.T. & GODING, J.R. (l97l). Factors affecting the secretion of steroids from the transplanted ovary in the sheep. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 22, 537-647. • •
SECTION 4: •
32. BAIRD, D.T. (1974). Prostaglandin F₂α and ovarian blood flow in sheep. J. Endocr. 62, 413-414. •
33. BAIRD, D.T., COLLETT, R.A., FRASER, I.S., KELLY, R.W., LAND, R.B. & WHEELER, A.G. (1973). Progesterone secretion from the ovary in the ewe following infusion of uterine venous plasma. J. Reprod. Fert. 13-22. •
34. BAIRD, D.T. & LAND, R.B. (1973). Division of the uterine vein and the function of the adjacent ovary in the ewe. J. Reprod. Fert. 33, 393-397. •
35. McCRACKEN, J.A., CARLSON, J.C., GLEW, M.E., GODING, J.R., BAIRD, D.T., GREEN, K. & SAMUELSSON, B. (1972). Prostaglandin F2a identified as a luteolytic hormone in sheep. Nature New Biology 238. 129-134. •
36. McCRACKEN, J.A., BAIRD, D.T., CARLSON, J.C., GODING, J.R. & BARCIKOWSKI, B. (1973). The role of prostaglandins in luteal regression. J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl. 18, 133-142. •
37. BAIRD, D.T. & SCARAMUZZI, R.J. (1975). Prostaglandin F2a and luteal regression in the ewe: comparison with 16 aryloxyprostaglandin. Biologie Animale (in press). •
38. SCARAMUZZI, R.J., BAIRD, D.T. , WHEELER, A.G. & LAND, R.B. (1973). The oestrous cycle of the ewe following active immunisation against prostaglandin F₂α. Acta endocr. (Kbh) Suppl. 177, 318. •
39. SCARAMUZZI, R.J., BOYLE, H.P., WHEELER, A.G., LAND, R.B., & BAIRD, D.T. (1974). Preliminary studies on the secretion of prostaglandin F from the autotransplanted uterus of the ewe after exogenous progesterone and oestradlol. J. Endocr. 6l, xxxv. • •
SECTION 5: •
40. FRASER, I.S., BAIRD, D.T. , HOBSON, H.M., MICHIE, E.A., & HUNTER, W. (1973). Cyclical ovarian function in women with congenital absence of the uterus and vagina. J. clin. Endocr. Metab. 36, 634-637. •
41. BAIRD, D.T. & FRASER, I.S. (1973). Disorders of the hypothalamic-pittiitary-ovarian axis. Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2, 469-488. •
42. FRASER, I.S. & BAIRD, D.T. (1972). Endometrial cystic glandular hyperplasia in adolescent girls. J. Obstet. Gynec. Brit. Cwlth. 22, 1009-1015. •
43. FRASER, I.S., MICHIE, E.A., WIDE, L. & BAIRD, D.T. (l973). Pituitary gonadotrophins and ovarian function in adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding. J. clin. Endocr. Metab. 407-414. •
44. VAN LOOK, P.F.A., FRASER, I.S., HUNTER, W.M., MICHIE, E.A. & BAIRD, D.T. (1975). Failure of oestrogen-induced positive feedback in anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Proc. of British-Dutch Endocrine Meeting August 1974. J. Endocr. (in press). •
45. FRASER, I.S. & RAIRD, D.T. (1974). Blood production and ovarian secretion rates of estradiol-17ß and estrone in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. J. clin. Endocr. Metab. 564-570. •
46. BAIRD, D.T. (1974). Ovulation. Brit. J. Hosp. Med. July, 49-56. •
47. BAIRD, D.T., CORKER, C.S., FRASER, I.S., HUNTER, W.M., MICHIE, E.A. & VAN LOOK, P.F.A. (1975). Pituitaryovarian relationships in polycystic ovarian disease. British-Dutch Endocrine Meeting August 1974. J. Endocr. (in press). •
48. BAIRD, D.T. (1973). The secretion of estrogens from the ovary in normal and abnormal menstrual cycles. Proc. of the Fourth International Congress of Endocrinology. International Congress Series no. 273. Excerpta Medica Amsterdam. p 851-856. •
49. HOBSON, B.M. & BAIRD, D.T. (1966). Dysgerminoraa of the ovary and gonadotrophin excretion. J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Cwlth. 73, 131-136. • •
SECTION 6: •
50. BAIRD, D.T., COCKBURN, F., GALBRAITH, A., KELLY, R. & LIVINGSTONE, J.R.D. (1973). Formation of progesterone and pregnenolone from (4-¹⁴C) cholesterol by the intact mid-term human foeto-placental unit perfused in vitro. J. Endocr. 56, 187-202. •
51. KERR, M.G., ROY, E.J., HARKNESS, R.A., SHORT, R.V. & BAIRD, D.T. (1966). Studies of the mode of action of intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic solutions in the induction of labor. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec. 94. 214-224. •
52. BAIRD, D.T. , GASSON, P.W. & DOIG, A. (1966) The renogram in pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec. 95. 597-603. • •
SECTION 7: •
53. BAIRD, D.T. (1973). Steroids synthesis and secretion in the compartments of the ovary. In Le Corps Jaune. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 33-38. •
54. BAIRD, D.T. (1972). Reproductive hormones. In Hormones and Reproduction. Edited by C.R. Austin and R.V. Short. Cambridge University Press pp 1-28. •
55. BAIRD, D.T. & ROBERTSON, J.G.(1974). Normal labour and puerperium. In A companion to medical studies. Edited by R. Passmore and J.S. Robson. Volume 3 Blackwell Scientific Publications pp. 1-20
Nouvelle méthode syntagmatique de vectorisation appliquée au self-organizing map des textes vietnamiens
No full text@inproceedings{CN-NGUYEN-2004, author = {Nguyen D.T.}, title = {Nouvelle méthode syntagmatique de vectorisation appliquée au self-organizing map des textes vietnamiens}, booktitle = {RECIRAL'04}, year = {2004}, address = {Fès, Maroc}, month = {avril} }National audienc
Mapping the Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of CALIBER 2022 Convention Publications
No full textThe present study examines the authorship patterns, collaboration levels, and various other parameters such as gender, author designation, institutional affiliation, and geographical distribution of the conference papers presented at CALIBER 2022 by employing an array of bibliographic analysis techniques. The analysis is based on a dataset consisting of 45 papers authored by 100 individuals and found that authors hailing from Uttar Pradesh emerged as the foremost contributors. The study also found that universities emerged as the most prolific contributors, responsible for the publication of 71.00 per cent of the articles within the designated time frame
Eastern Iran in the Achaemenid Period
No full textThe author deals with the archaeological evidence of the Achaemenid period in eastern Iran. This evidence is limited, rare and contradictory with regard to the historical importance of the eastern provinces of the Empire. The territorial extent of the Achaemenid Empire is ambiguous too and in this regard the cultural background of the different provinces, as well as relationships between center and periphery, were crucial factors affecting the visibility of the Achaemenid empire in its eastern-most regions. Similarly, the geographic definition of ‘eastern Iran’ requires clarification as well because, as a geomorphological unit. Thus at least four different aspects of interpretation should be considered when considering the evidence of the Achaemenid empire in the east:
1. the dynastic - identifiable by inscriptions, coins and seals
2. the ethnic - possibly detectable on both physical anthropological and cultural grounds
3. the political/imperial - recognizable both in macroscopic architectural and art historical remains and in the material traces of settlement patterns and economic investments, e.g. to secure the water supply
4. the chronological - interpretable in the differing horizons connected to the period of Achaemenid political-dynastic dominion in the area
Venous thromboembolism in women : a specific reproductive health risk
No full textbackground: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a specific reproductive health risk for women. methods: Searches were performed in Medline and other databases. The selection criteria were high-quality studies and studies relevant to clinical reproductive medicine. Summaries were presented and discussed by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology Workshop Group. results: VTE is a multifactorial disease with a baseline annual incidence around 50 per 100 000 at 25 years and 120 per 100 000 at age 50. Its major complication is pulmonary embolism, causing death in 1-2% of patients. Higher VTE risk is associated with an inherited thrombophilia in men and women. Changes in the coagulation system and in the risk of clinical VTE in women also occur during pregnancy, with the use of reproductive hormones and as a consequence of ovarian stimulation when hyperstimulation syndrome and conception occur together. In pregnancy, the risk of VTE is increased 5-fold, while the use of combined hormonal contraception (CHC) doubles the risk and this relative risk is higher with the more recent pills containing desogestrel, gestodene and drospirenone when compared with those with levonorgestrel. Similarly, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the VTE risk 2-to 4-fold. There is a synergistic effect between thrombophilia and the various reproductive risks. Prevention of VTE during pregnancy should be offered to women with specific risk factors. In women who are at high risk, CHC and HRT should be avoided. conclusions: Clinicians managing pregnancy or treating women for infertility or prescribing CHC and HRT should be aware of the increased risks of VTE and the need to take a careful medical history to identify additional co-existing risks, and should be able to diagnose VTE and know how to approach its prevention
Landscape design methods in architecture
No full textLandscape has been used as a metaphor or conceptual reference for an increasing amount of excellent architectural projects in the last two decades. The phenomenon seems to be a substantial innovation of architecture with an interesting potential for artistic, social and ecological gains. To be able to better understand and critically review these projects, it is important to better understand the notion of landscape. How can we better understand the idea of landscape and its design methods for application in architecture? To answer this central question we try to find a working definition of relevant landscape design methods in this paper. Only thereafter may we ask how these landscape methods are applied to the theory and practice of architecture, and what knowledge can be derived from built examples for future practical and theoretical use in the field. This paper is part of the larger study ‘Architecture with Landscape Methods’ with more case studies. This paper however is mainly based on literature study. Currently the author is analyzing four crucial projects from 1990-present in CAD and GIS based analytical case studies. One or two of these cases will illustrate the subject to the audience in the author's poster presentation at IFLA2012.UrbanismArchitectur
'Resting' and 'Fremantle Terzinas' Poems by author Hersri Setiawan (Translation into English by David T. Hill)
No full textIn late February 1993, Indonesian author Hersri Setiawan arrived for a brief visit to Australia to participate in the Perth Writers' Festival at the Fremantle Arts Centre. A former political prisoner held for nine years in detention without trial, he managed to leave Indonesia several years ago and now lives in the Netherlands as a political exile. These poems have been translated by David T. Hill
Library Supported Scholarship: Increasing Faculty Scholarly Reach with Author Services
No full textThe directors of the departments of institutional research & training (Monica D.T. Rysavy, Ph.D.) and the Hirons Library and Learning Center (Russell Michalak, MLIS) at Goldey-Beacom College, a small private doctoral-granting institution, partnered to offer training workshops and professional development opportunities to faculty related to research and publication processes. We recently surveyed current faculty regarding their satisfaction, level of awareness, and desire for training regarding library and researcher services using Qualtrics. This presentation shared results from this survey and lessons learned from offering a workshop about how researchers can expand their online presence using author profiles
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