1,720,988 research outputs found
Dataset of "Informing, simulating experience, or both: A field experiment on phishing risks"
No full textThis is the dataset used in "Informing, simulating experience, or both: A field experiment on phishing risks"
Data set of "Falling and failing (to learn)"
No full textData set of "Falling and failing (to learn): Evidence from a Nation-Wide Cybersecurity Field Experiment with SMEs"Accepted for publication in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Abstract:Prior experiences are crucial in shaping risk prevention behavior. Previous studies have shown that experiencing a simulated phishing attack (a ``phishing drill") reduces the likelihood of clicking on unsafe links and disclosing one's password. In a large field experiment involving 670 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their 33,000 employees, we examined the impact of experience on individuals' ability to detect cyber-security threats, and whether this effect persisted over several months. We collected data at both the company and individual levels, including risk preference, time preference, and trust. Our findings indicate only a non-systematic, short-term effect of previous phishing emails on clicking behavior. A cluster of individuals with greater patience, trust, and risk seeking was more likely to click on phishing links in the first place but then also more likely to benefit from phishing drills.</p
Prudence with respect to ambiguity
Full text linkUnder expected utility, prudence is equivalent to a positive third derivative of utility and plays a crucial role in precautionary saving behaviour. Eeckhoudt and Schlesinger (2006) proposed behavioural definitions of prudence and of higher order risk preferences. The present article proposes a similar definition for prudence with respect to ambiguity, i.e. situations in which objective probabilities are not available. Implications for several ambiguity models are derived. Ambiguity prudence is implied by Hansen and Sargent's (2001) multiplier preferences, empirically correlates with financial behaviour and plays a key role in prevention behaviour
Guess what I think: Essays on the wisdom in meta-predictions
Full text linkPeople’s self-reported beliefs, judgments and experiences are highly subjective and can be unreliable. However, such information is also very valuable. Researchers would like to know the true motives of people to understand their behavior. Practitioners can use subjective data to make better decisions. Furthermore, subjective judgments are useful in forecasting. Previous work suggests that the “Wisdom of Crowds” is an effective solution for predicting uncertain quantities. This dissertation develops novel methods to elicit and aggregate subjective information effectively. All methods are based on the following idea: What people think about other people’s judgments (“meta-prediction”) is related to their own judgment on the matter. Chapter 2 proposes a new forecast aggregation algorithm that improves the “Wisdom of Crowds” on the likelihood of an event. Simple average of forecasts could be biased due to common information among the forecasters. The algorithm uses meta-predictions to remove a potential bias in the collective forecast. Chapter 3 presents another solution to the same problem. Forecasters are incentivized such that the collective forecast becomes unbiased. Chapter 4 develops an incentive mechanism to elicit subjective information truthfully. The incentives are based on people’s meta-predictions. Truth-telling participants expect higher rewards. This motivation can improve the quality of the self-reported information. Chapter 5 focuses again on the “Wisdom of Crowds.” The chapter proposes a new algorithm to transform the average probability forecast. The transformed forecasts are much closer to the true probability of the uncertain event. Each chapter in this dissertation introduces a new incentive mechanism or an algorithm. Therefore, this dissertation makes methodological contributions to the literature on elicitation and aggregation of subjective information. Furthermore, each chapter presents experimental results to demonstrate practical effectiveness. The findings suggest that the meta-predictions can be useful. It is also easy to collect meta-predictions in simple surveys. Thus, this dissertation motivates subsequent work that could use meta-predictions even more extensively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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