1,720,961 research outputs found
Women and Work in Premodern Europe: Experiences, Relationships, and Cultural Representation
No full textThis book re-evaluates and extends understandings about how work was conceived and what it could entail for women in the premodern period in Europe from c. 1100 to c. 1800. It does this by building on the impressive growth in literature on women’s working experiences, and by adopting new interpretive approaches that expand received assumptions about what constituted 'work' for women. While attention to the diversity of women’s contributions to the economy has done much to make the breadth of women’s experiences of labour visible, this volume takes a more expansive conceptual approach to the notion of work and considers the social and cultural dimensions in which activities were construed and valued as work. This interdisciplinary collection thus advances concepts of work that encompass cultural activities in addition to more traditional economic understandings of work as employment or labour for production. The chapters reconceptualise and explore work for women by asking how the working lives of historical women were enacted and represented, and analyse the relationships that shaped women’s experiences of work across the European premodern period
Ritualised public performance, emotional narratives and the enactment of power: The public baptism of a Muslim in Eighteenth-Century Barcelona
No full textThis work analyses the surviving account of one public baptism: that of a single Muslim captive in 1723, who was baptised in Barcelona amidst a sumptuous and elaborate public ceremony that included a procession, military parade, public baptism in the cathedral and was concluded with a truly spectacular celebratory bonfire. It highlights the crucial importance of analysing ritualized early modern ceremonies not in isolation but rather within their broader political, social or religious contexts. Furthermore, through the unparalleled wealth of details about this public baptism, this work also explores the manner in which a ruler could usurp a highly ritualized religious ceremony to enact his power and convey an emotional message to his subject via its semiotic density
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A Formula for Courtesy in some English Vernacular Poems: Conventional Traits, the use of Common Language, and the Creation of "Genre"
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Between the household and the school : socialising the child in England, c.1400-1600
No full textThis thesis explores the transmission and reception of literature concerned with childhood, and the socialisation of children, in England between 1400 and 1600. Literature reflects and fashions social concerns, and furnishes the opportunity to observe contemporary reactions and understandings of society, politics and religion, and in this case to understand a particular anxiety regarding the socialisation and behaviour of children. Reading networks which are addressed include parents, pedagogues, and the frequently overlooked reading group of children and young people. Throughout, I note how competing ideologies and interests are encountered in relation to particular audience networks, as well as the high probability that audiences were critical readers of texts, reading and resisting notions they encountered even as they were directed to accept them.
In this thesis I develop a framework where I examine English vernacular literature
in manuscripts and early printed books which guides readers towards understanding childhood and socialisation, and which explores the fashioning of child identity. I build on recent interest in tracing early print culture, which is both 'new' and
'conventional', 'transforming' the literary landscape, but also fixed and looking to
the past. It is possible to observe how 'childhood' as a distinct phase oflife was conceptualised and understood by contemporary observers and to evaluate changing concepts of childhood socialisation over this period, as well as those aspects of behaviour which remained consistent over time.
This evidence speaks about children in particular environments. I interpret this evidence by looking at the domestic household that was commonly made up of kin members, as well as large elite households where young children assumed functional working positions. In addition I analyse school environments to detect how the formal space of the school, particularly the Grammar School, served as an arena for the socialisation of children according to academic, religious and social criteria. In this way schools also served in establishing the new English Church by securing the religious orthodoxy of new generations.
This research reflects wider developments occurring in English culture, society, and politics. In late-fifteenth and sixteenth century texts and particularly in the books William Caxton published that were relevant to childhood, I detect an increasing focus on the qualities of virtue and morality. This is distinct from codes of courteous and noble behaviour that had previously dominated narratives relevant to youthful socialisation. Mid-to late-fifteenth century literature increasingly drives readers towards understanding moral identity. I argue that this has to be viewed in a context of wider political disturbances and turmoil generated by the conflicts of the 'Wars of the Roses'. Religious change in the sixteenth century adds to this context. While escalating turbulence would have been felt most strongly in adult circles, I suggest how broader English society and contemporary literature responds to the same anxieties, traversing downwards to affect secondary social groups, including children.
The importance of the late-fifteenth century as a time of social and political transformation serves as an introduction to my thesis as a whole, providing the scope to question long-term continuities, and to identify change in how childhood
was perceived. The result is fresh understandings of childhood as a distinct phase of life, of literary transformations and continuities between manuscript and print, and how social and political networks affect change at a micro level in society
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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