1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Biotechnologie von Theobroma cacao L.
No full textIm Zuge der Nacherntebehandlung von Rohkakao, der Fermentation, werden durch mikrobiellen Pulpaabbau Ethanol und später Essigsäure erzeugt bei gleichzeitiger deutlicher Temperaturerhöhung auf über 45°C. Diese Bedingungen in der Fermentationsmasse führen im Samen zu einer Ansäuerung des Kotyledonengewebes und – als Folge davon zu einer massiven Proteolyse der Speicherproteine durch endogene, bei Gewebeansäuerung aktivierte Proteasen. Die Spaltungsaktivität der Proteasen und die stark konservierten Aminosäuresequenzen der Proteine liefern ein definiertes Muster der Aromavorstufen des Kakaos. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden analog zu den Bedingungen in der Fermentation durch Inkubationen der Samen in entsprechenden sauren Medien mit verschiedenen pH-Werten und unterschiedlichen Säuren die grundsätzlichen Einwirkungen dieser Faktoren auf die Samen in Hinsicht auf die Proteolyse untersucht. Um den Fermentationsbedingungen zu entsprechen, werden die Inkubationen bei verschiedenen Temperaturen ausgeführt.
Der höchste Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren wird bei einem pH-Wert von 2,9, einer Essigsäurekonzentration von 100mM und einer Temperatur von konstant 41°C erreicht. Die Abtötung der Samengewebe ließ sich über die Freisetzung der phenolischen Inhaltsstoffe in das Medium nachweisen. Eine Temperatur von über 50°C ist eindeutig als zellmembranschädigend einzustufen. Ebenso zerstört eine Säurekonzentration von über 300mM Essigsäure die Membran und lässt sich durch die Freisetzung der phenolischen Substanzen nachweisen.
Die direkte Einwirkung dieser externen Faktoren wird durch das Vorhandensein einer intakten Samenschale verzögert, so dass diese strukturelle Komponente als eine Barriere zwischen Inkubationsmedium und Samenspeichergewebe nachweisbar ist. Von besonderer Bedeutung erweist sich eine bislang kaum untersuchte stark quellbare Schleimschicht, die nach der Entfernung der Pulpa durch Behandlung mit Pectinex BE XXL® aus Schleimbehältern durch Quellung gebildet wird und die bei intakter Pulpa noch in speziellen Höhlungen oder Kavernen in der äußeren Lage der Testa vorliegt. Weitergehende Analysen des Schleims belegen, dass nach Hydrolyse überwiegend Aminosäuren vorhanden sind und nur geringe Mengen freie Zucker nachweisbar sind. Die elektrophoretischen Analysen des Schleims belegen, dass ca. 30 trennbare Eiweiße nach SDS-Elektrophorese vorliegen. Mit Hilfe von HPLC-MS lassen sich drei Eiweiße im Schleim charakterisieren, die eine fungizide Wirkung haben. Die Bedeutung dieser Komponenten für die Samenkeimung und Fermentation wird diskutiert.In the course of the post-harvest treatment of cocoa beans, the fermentation, the pulp is microbially degraded. While the temperature constantly rises to about 45°C first ethanol, then acetic acid is produced. The conditions in the fermentation mass entail the acidification of the cotyledon tissue and an extensive proteolysis of storage proteins. The latter is carried outby endogenous proteases that are activated by acidic conditions. The cleavage activity of the proteases as well as the conservative amino acid sequences of storage proteins provide a defined pattern of flavor precursors of cocoa. In the study at hand seeds have been incubated under conditions analog to those of the fermentation. Media with different pH-values – all in the acid range – and different organic acids have been used. The basic effects of these factors on the seed with regard to the proteolysis are examined. In order to imitate the temperature conditions of fermentation, incubations are carried out under the influence of different temperature-regimes.
The highest content of free amino acids is achieved under the influence of a pH-value of 2.9, an acetic acid concentration of 100mM and a constant temperature of 41°C. A temperature of about 50°C as well as an acetic acid concentration higher than 300mM lead to a damage of the cell membrane. This destruction of the seed tissue and the following release of phenolic compounds can be verified by the detection of the latter in the medium.
The direct impact of these external factors is delayed by the presence of an intact seed coat. This structural component is considered as a barrier between incubation medium and seed storage tissue.
A so far hardly studied strongly swellable layer of mucilage is of particular importance. It is formed out of slime containers by swelling after removal of the pulp by treating the seed with Pectinex BE XXL®. Even in seeds with an intact pulp this mucilage is proven to be present in special cavities or caverns in the outer layer of the testa.
Further analyzes demonstrate that the prominent hydrolysis products of the mucilage are amino acids. Only a few free sugars are detectable. The electrophoretic analysis of the mucilage demonstrates that about 30 proteins can be separated by SDS electrophoresis. Via HPLC-MS three of those proteins could be characterized. These proteins were shown to have an antifungal effect. The importance of these proteins for seed germination and fermentation is discussed
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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