1,721,045 research outputs found
Du jeu de rôle à la simulation : pour des systèmes d'information à référence spatiale conçus directement par les acteurs
Full text linkFaced with the complex governance of land use management issues, Information Systems and current participatory modeling should not only support an access to information but also help people to supervise fully in their design, process and usage. Since 1997, we have experimented at an operational scale in Senegal with the Self-Design Method that allows people to design themselves a joint-use of Role Playing Games, Geographical Information Systems and Multi Agent Systems, right from the beginning steps of the design. This leads to increase the empowerment abilities of stakeholders, which has already culminated in autonomous land use planning two years after.La démarche d'accompagnement à un processus de décision sur un territoire, acceptant l'incompiétude des analyses ainsi que la subjectivité des choix d'avenir, suggère que l'enjeu n'est pas de déceler la «bonne» solution, en particulier technique, mais de faire émerger un processus de décision qui soit, dans sa forme, le plus alimenté en informations utiles et le plus ouvert possible. Le principe d'auto-conception est alors préféré. Il pose que le système d'information le plus maîtrisable et le plus adapté à un acteur sera celui qu'il a conçu lui-même. C'est ce principe qui a été appliqué dans un programme d'expérimentations au Sénégal, pour la conception endogène d'un support d'accompagnement à la gestion concertée territoriale qui associait SIG, Systèmes Multi-Agents et jeux de rôles.d'Aquino Patrick, Le Page Christophe, Bousquet François, Bah Alassane. Du jeu de rôle à la simulation : pour des systèmes d'information à référence spatiale conçus directement par les acteurs. In: L'information géographique, volume 66, n°4, 2002. pp. 310-324
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A bottom-up participatory modelling process for a multi-level agreement on environmental uncertainty management in West Africa
No full textA multi-level participatory process tested in Senegal allowed local and national stakeholders to model their own perceptions of the environmental challenges they face. This 'self-design' process led to a very subtle but qualitative model of uncertainty that could be used by decision makers and other stakeholders to share their different points of view on land use and land tenure policy challenges and then to design better adapted environmental management policies
Multi-level participatory design of land use policies in African drylands: A method to embed adaptability skills of drylands societies in a policy framework
No full textThe participatory modelling method described here focuses on how to enable stakeholders to incorporate their own perception of environmental uncertainty and how to deal with it to design innovative environmental policies. This "self-design" approach uses role playing games and agent based modelling to let participants design their own conceptual framework, and so modelling supports, of issues. The method has a multi-scale focus I order to enable the whole multi-scale Sahelian logic to be expressed and on the other hand to encourage the players to deal with possible region-wide changes implied by their "local" policy objectives. This multi-level participatory design of land use policies has been under experimentation in Senegal since 2008 in different local and national arenas. The process has resulted in the "self-design" of a qualitative and relatively simple model of Sahelian uncertainty, which can be played like a role playing game as well a computerized model. Results are shown in perceptible autonomous organisational learning at the local level. Participants were also able to incorporate their own ideas for new rules for access to resources. They designed innovative collective rules, organised follow up and monitoring of these new land uses. Moreover, meaningful ideas for environmental policies are beginning to take shape. This work raises the epistemological question of what is meant by the term "indigenous knowledge" in environmental management, ranging from knowledge based on practical experience being included in the scholar's framing of knowledge, to a legitimate local ability to contextualize and re-arrange scientific expertise, to profoundly different worldviews which do not match ours
FisherMob : Un modèle bioéconomique de la mobilité des pêcheurs
No full textSea fishing is a highly mobile activity, favoured by the vastness of the oceans, the absence of physical boundaries and the abstraction of legislative boundaries. Understanding and anticipating this mobility is a major challenge for fisheries management issues, both at the national and international levels. "FisherMob" is a free Gama tool designed to study the effect of economic and biological factors on the dynamics of connected fisheries. It incorporate the most important processes involved in fisheries dynamics: fish abundance variability, price of the fishing effort and ex-vessel fish market price that which depends on the ratio between offer and demand. The tool uses as input a scheme of a coastal area with delimited fishing sites, fish biological parameters and fisheries parameters. It runs with a userfriendly graphic interface and generates output files that can be post-processed easily using graphic and statistical software.La pêche maritime est un secteur d’activité où l’on observe une très forte mobilité, favorisée par l’immensité des océans, l’absence de frontières physique et l’abstraction des frontières législatives. Comprendre et anticiper ces mobilités est un défi majeur pour les questions de gestion des pêcheries, au niveau des pays comme à l’international. “ FisherMob ” est un outil dont l’objet est la modélisation multi-agents des interactions entre facteurs économiques et biologiques sur la distribution de l’effort de pêche et de l’impact sur la dynamique des pêcheries. Les principaux paramètres du modèle concernent la biologie des populations de poisson exploité, la distribution géographique des sites de pêche, les caractéristique de la pêcherie (coût de l’effort de pêche, capturabilité, mobilité) et enfin les caractéristiques du marché (relation de demande en fonction du prix). En fonction de ces paramètres, l’évolution de la densité de poisson, de l’effort de pêche et du prix au débarquement émergent du modèle et déterminent la dynamique de la pêcherie. L’outil possède une interface ergonomique permettant de faire varier facilement les paramètres et de visualiser les résultats des simulations en temps réel. De plus, des fichiers intégrant tous les résultats sont générés à chaque simulation permettant un post-traitement des résultats avec des outils spécialisés graphiques ou statistiques. Un premier cas d’étude concret est présenté, basé sur la pêche artisanale sénégalaise, qui a montré les potentiels de l’outil pour l’aide à la gestion des pêcheries transfrontalières. Enfin, des développements de cet outil sont suggérés
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