1,721,067 research outputs found
Strong excess risk of pancreatic cancer for low frequency and duration of cigarette smoking: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis
No full textDose-risk relationships between cigarette smoking and ovarian cancer histotypes: a comprehensive meta-analysis
No full textAlthough smoking has not been associated with overall ovarian cancer risk, a different impact on various histotypes has been reported. Our aim is to provide an accurate, up-to-date estimate of the dose-risk relationships between cigarette smoking and epithelial ovarian cancer, overall and by histotypes
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND BREAST CANCER RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
No full text: BackgroundThe possible association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk has been quite controversial.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available observational studies published on the issue up to January 2020. Random-effects models were used to compute pooled relative risks (RRs) for cigarette smoking status and dose-risk relationships were evaluated using one-stage random-effects dose-response models.ResultsA total of 169 studies were selected, providing a pooled RR for breast cancer of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.05-1.10) for current, 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for former, and 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.11) for ever smokers, compared to never smokers. Results were consistent in case-control and cohort studies. No meaningful differences were observed across strata of most covariates considered, nor according to relevant genetic mutations and polymorphisms (i.e., BRCA mutation, N-acetyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase genotypes, and P53). Breast cancer risk increased linearly with intensity of smoking (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16, for 20 and 1.26, 95% CI 1.17-1.36 for 40 cigarettes/day), and with increasing duration of smoking (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.08, for 20 and 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.16, for 40 years of smoking).ConclusionsThe present large and comprehensive meta-analysis - conducted using an innovative approach for study search - supports the evidence of causal role of tobacco smoking on breast cancer risk
De novo noncutaneous malignancies after kidney transplantation are associated with an increased risk of graft failure: results from a time-dependent analysis on 672 patients
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cancer occurrence and risk of graft failure in kidney transplant recipients. From November 1998 to November 2013, 672 adult patients received their first kidney transplant from a deceased donor and had a minimum follow-up of 6 months. During a median follow-up of 4.7 years (3523 patient-years), 47 patients developed a nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and 40 a noncutaneous malignancy (NCM). A total of 59 graft failures were observed. The failure rate was 6 per 100 patient-year (pt-yr) after NCM versus 1.5 per 100 pt-yr in patients without NCM. In a time-dependent multivariable model, the occurrence of NCM appeared to be associated with failure (HR = 3.27; 95% CI = 1.44-7.44). The effect of NCM on the cause-specific graft failure was different (P = 0.002) when considering events due to chronic rejection (HR = 0.55) versus other causes (HR = 15.59). The reduction of the immunosuppression after NCM was not associated with a greater risk of graft failure. In conclusion, our data suggest that post-transplant NCM may be a strong risk factor for graft failure, particularly for causes other than chronic rejection
Biologics as well as inhaled anti-asthmatic therapy achieve clinical remission: Evidence from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI)
No full textBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of severe asthma (SA) treatments after 12 months in achieving clinical remission (CR) within the context of the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) using the recent SANI definition of CR on treatment. Methods: CR has been defined by SANI as complete, partial, and no CR. Complete CR is defined by the absence of oral corticosteroids (OCS), no symptoms, no exacerbations, and stable lung function, and partial CR requires the absence of OCS and the fulfillment of 2 out of the other 3 criteria. Patients who do not meet the previous criteria do not reach CR. Results: After 12 months of treatment, 283 patients were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of biologics (225 patients) and inhaled therapy (58 patients) in achieving CR. Among patients treated with biologic agents, 45.8% reached complete CR, 23.1% partial CR, and 31.1% no CR. Differences in CR achievement according to type of biologic agent administered were observed. Interesting results were found when assessing the inhaled therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA and no biologics) effectiveness: 34.5% patients reached complete CR, 34.5% partial CR, and 31.0% did not reach CR. This finding is noteworthy since it further supports the efficacy of inhaled treatment in certain SA patients and highlights the relevance of using CR as a modern outcome of SA treatments. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) comorbidity was associated, though not significantly, with CR achievement in patients treated with biologics. Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores significantly impacted CR (p = 0.003 and p = 0.027, respectively), while biomarkers, namely IgE, blood eosinophils, or fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), were not associated with CR achievement. Conclusions: This study confirmed the effectiveness of biologics in reaching CR and demonstrated also inhaled therapies able to achieve CR. These innovative findings should encourage post hoc analysis of randomized clinical trials or even retrospective analysis of SA patient cohorts to evaluate CR with different inhaled treatments and further define the populations eligible for each treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06625216; Central Ethics Committee: Comitato Etico Area Vasta Nord-Ovest Toscana (study number 1245/2016, protocol number:73714)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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