1,721,019 research outputs found
Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in the Auckland Region - Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Service Use in Comparison to Type 1 Diabetes
No full textObjectives: Investigate clinical outcomes and healthcare service use in young-onset (15-30 years-of-age) type 2 diabetes (T2D) in comparison to type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Methods: Retrospective study including 731 people with T1D and 1350 with T2D, analysing complications, risk-factors, medication dispensing, primary-care visits, diabetes clinic attendance, hospital admissions. A national index of deprivation (NZDep) was used to assess the impact of socioeconomic deprivation.
Results: The median duration of known diabetes was 8 years for both groups. A greater proportion of the T2D group lived in the most deprived NZDep deciles (9&10) (58% vs 28% of T1D, p3.5 mg/mmol in the year of diagnosis, increasing to 61% 8 years later. Logistic regression with established risk factors (including BMI) showed: T2D (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.95-3.80), NZDep (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.06-1.12), Māori (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.79-3.89), Pasifika (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.79-3.88), Indian (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.52, p=0.0003) and Asian ethnicities (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08-3.10) were more likely to have a higher ACR. NZDep (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.77), Pasifika (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.81-3.80, p64 mmol/mol. The median 5-year CVD risk was significantly higher for T2D (8.1% vs 4.9%, p1 year after diagnosis) referral to diabetes services. The median number of appointments offered over 2 years was greater for T1D (2.0 (IQR 0, 7) vs 0 (IQR 0, 2), p100mmol/mol were not dispensed any hypoglycaemic medication, 27% of those with cerebrovascular/cardiovascular/peripheral vascular disease were not dispensed a statin, and 30% with ACR >30mg/mmol were not dispensed an ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker.
Conclusions: A comprehensive strategy is needed to better manage young-onset T2D addressing socioeconomic disparities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of improved glycaemic control on endothelial function and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textFull text is available to authenticated members of The University of Auckland only.Background
Many patients with type 2 diabetes experience significant morbidity and mortality as a consequence of concomitant cardiovascular disease. Traditional risk factors for vascular disease do not account for the excess cardiovascular risk seen in patients with diabetes and thus hyperglycaemia per se may account for this excess risk. The aims of this thesis were three fold.
1. To determine the effects of acute hyperglycaemia on endothelial function in healthy individuals.
2. To study the effects of improved glycaemic control on endothelial function and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.
3. To determine what factors predict endothelial activation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Ultrasound detected changes in brachial artery diameter, in response to forearm ischaemia were used to calculate percentage flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Brachial artery FMD correlates with coronary artery endothelial function and is therefore a non-invasive marker of coronary artery endothelial function.
The concentrations of soluble adhesion markers were used as markers of endothelial function.
Change in body composition was assessed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
To determine the effects of acute hyperglycaemia on brachial artery FMD, 10% dextrose or normal saline was infused for one hour in 10 healthy subjects in a cross over study.
To determine the effects of improved glycaemic control on brachial artery FMD and weight change in patients with type 2 diabetes, 43 patients were randomised to improved glycaemic control or usual glycaemic control for a 20 week study period.
Results
Acute mild hyperglycaemia had no effect on brachial artery FMD in healthy subjects.
Patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycaemic control had endothelial activation and impaired FMD at baseline. Obesity was the only significant predictor of endothelial activation. Despite a significant improvement in glycaemic control, brachial artery FMD and endothelial activation were not altered at the end of the 20 week study period. Improved glycaemic control was associated with modest weight gain but no effects on blood pressure or serum lipid concentrations.
Conclusions
1. Acute mild hyperglycaemia does not adversely affect brachial artery FMD.
2. Short-term improvement in glycaemic control does not improve brachial artery FMD in patients with type 2 diabetes nor does it result in reduced endothelial activation but does result in modest weight gain.
3. Obesity independently of blood pressure or glycaemic control predicts endothelial activation in patients with type 2 diabetes
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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