36 research outputs found

    Regaining Motor Control in Musician's Dystonia by Restoring Sensorimotor Organization

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    Professional musicians are an excellent human model of long term effects of skilled motor training on the structure and function of the motor system. However, such effects are accompanied by an increased risk of developing motor abnormalities, in particular musician's dystonia. Previously we found that there was an expanded spatial integration of proprioceptive input into the hand area of motor cortex (sensorimotor organisation, SMO) in healthy musicians as tested with a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm. In musician's dystonia, this expansion was even larger, resulting in a complete lack of somatotopic organisation. We hypothesised that the disordered motor control in musician's dystonia is a consequence of the disordered SMO. In the present paper we test this idea by giving pianists with musician's dystonia 15 min experience of a modified proprioceptive training task. This restored SMO towards that seen in healthy pianists. Crucially, motor control of the affected task improved significantly and objectively as measured with a MIDI piano, and the amount of behavioural improvement was significantly correlated to the degree of sensorimotor re-organisation. In healthy pianists and non-musicians, the SMO and motor performance remained essentially unchanged. These findings suggest a link between the differentiation of SMO in the hand motor cortex and the degree of motor control of intensively practiced tasks in highly skilled individuals

    Ultramafic xenoliths from Llera de Canales, Tamaulipas, Mexico

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    This study derived from a request received by Dr. E. A. King in 1973 to identify a rock for a Houston dentist. The rock proved to be a spinel Iherzolite of a type believed to be from the upper mantle of the Earth. Although disappointed that the Iherzolite was of no commercial value, the dentist arranged for a guide to take Dr. King and the author to the out crop from which the rock came. The specimens collected on this and two subsequent trips are the subject of this report. This report is in two parts. Part one is a brief review of ultramafic rocks and their geological significance. Part two is concerned with the xenoliths from Llera de Canales and their possible relationship to similar rocks from eastern Mexico and the United States.Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department o

    The virtual image : Brazilian literature in English translation

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    The aim of this thesis is to examine how the virtual image of Brazil and its literature is constructed in the Anglo-American world. To this end, a survey of Brazilian literary works in English translation was carried out. Having gathered this data, it became possible to establish correlations between the historical moments when such translations were made, when their number increased, and the events occurring at those times in the international panorama, as well as to look into the role of sponsors, publishers and translators in the selection and production of such translations. The data also allowed a profile of Brazilian literary works in English translation to be drawn. It became possible to suggest that such works fall into four main categories: `authorial works', 'topical works', `ambassadorial works' and `consumer-oriented works'. In order to look more closely into how the translation process has helped to shape the virtual image of Brazilian literary works in the Anglo-American world, an analysis of a sample of translations of such works was made. Included in this sample were the translations of works by Machado de Asis, by Indianist and Regionalist wirters, culminating in an examination of translations of GuimarAes Rosa's works. Having looked at these aspects of the translation process, what remained to be done was to investigate to what extent Brazilian literary works in English translation are read by the English- speaking public. To this end, a survey of availability and library readership was undertaken. Finally, a reading experiment was carried out in which native speakers of English were asked to read the short story 'A terceira margem do rio', by GuimarAes Rosa. The conclusion attempts to pull all these threads together and to indicate directions for further research

    The temporal binding deficit hypothesis of autism

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    Frith has argued that people with autism show “weak central coherence,” an unusual bias toward piecemeal rather than configurational processing and a reduction in the normal tendency to process information in context. However, the precise cognitive and neurological mechanisms underlying weak central coherence are still unknown. We propose the hypothesis that the features of autism associated with weak central coherence result from a reduction in the integration of specialized local neural networks in the brain caused by a deficit in temporal binding. The visuoperceptual anomalies associated with weak central coherence may be attributed to a reduction in synchronization of high-frequency gamma activity between local networks processing local features. The failure to utilize context in language processing in autism can be explained in similar terms. Temporal binding deficits could also contribute to executive dysfunction in autism and to some of the deficits in socialization and communication

    Biomass Burning in the Global Environment: First Results from the IGAC/BIBEX Field Campaign STARE/TRACE-A/SAFARI-92

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    Since the STAREITRACE-NSAFARI-92 Science Team is too numerous to be included in the author list, only those who have contributed text to this paper are listed on the title page. The others are: A-L. Ajavon, C. Anderson, T.W. Andreae, H.J. Annegarn, C.B. Archer, P. Artaxo, E. Atlas, R.E. Babbitt, J. Barsby, J. Beer, R.J. Bendura, D. Bergmann, D.R. Blake, G.E. Bodeker, T. Boyle, J.D. Bradshaw, J.K. Broadbent, E.V. Browell, E.G. Brunke, R.A Burke, H. Cachier, J. Cafmeyer, D.J. Cahoon, R Chadyendiya, M. Chaitwa, T.-Y. Chen, G.J.R Coetzee, W.R Cofer III, J.E. Collins, B. Cros, P. Cunningham, G. de Beer, A de Kock, R. Delmas, RD. Diab, P. Dowty, B.L. Duigan, F. Echalar, M. Edwards, W. Elbert, T. Fickinger, A. Gaudichet, S.J. Godefroy, G.L. Gregory, M. Guest, G.W. Harris, G. Helas, G. Held, J.L. Hery, J.M. Hoell, R Hudson, C. Jambert, A Joubert, M.R. Jury, P. Kiillberg, RP. Karimanzira, J.B. Kauffman, J. Kendall, J. Kim, V.W.J.H. Kirchhoff, M.A Kneen, R. Koppmann, T.N. Krishnamurti, F. Kruger, T. Kuhlbusch, C. Labuschagne, J.P. Lacaux, C. Liousse, E. Lynch, S.A. Macko, W. Maenhaut, C. Manickum, B. Martincigh, P. Masclet, J.A Mason, G.K. Mather, M.A Mazurek, D.P. McNamara, D.J. McRae, F. Meixner, W.L. Miller, E. Mpunduma, E. Mravlag, W. Munyanyiwa, A. Mwale, S. O'Beirne, U. Parchatka, D. Parsons, K. Pickering, J.J. Pienaar, S. Piketh, J.P. Pinto, W. Pollock, A Potgieter, RA. Preston-Whyte, M.W. Raynor, R Rorich, J. Rudolph, G.W. Sachse, I. Salma, S.T. Sandholm, W. Schneider, M.C. Scholes, M. Schormann, G.C. Schulze, M. Scourfield, D.I. Sebacher, M.K. Seely, R. Shea, H.B. Singh, N. Snow, F. Sokolic, B. Stefanski, R. Swap, R.W. Talbot, I. Taviv, A Tegen, M. Thompson, G.R. Tosen, L. Trollope, W.S.W. Trollope, M.M. Truter, S. Tsure, C. Turner, P. Tyson, J. van Heerden, D. Walmsley, D.E. Ward, M.G. Weber, F. Weirich, M. Welling, F.G. Wienhold, E.L. Winstead, T. Zenker, RG. Zepp, and M. Zunckel.Biomass burning is now recognized as a major source of important trace gases, including CO₂, NO₂, CO and CH₄, and of aerosol particles. It takes on many forms: burning of forested areas for land clearing, extensive burning of grasslands and savannas to sustain grazing lands, burning of harvest debris, and use of biomass fuel for heating.https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-2524-0_

    Solutions of Riemann–Weber type half-linear differential equation

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    summary:We establish an asymptotic formula for a pair of linearly independent solutions of the subcritical Riemann–Weber type half-linear differential equation. We also complement the results of the author and M. Ünal, Acta Math. Hungar. 120 (2008), 147–163, where the equation was considered in the critical case
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