1,720,988 research outputs found
On distinguishing the direct causal effect of an intervention from its efficiency-enhancing effects
Full text linkThis paper proposes an innovative methodology for handling endogeneity issues in the evaluation of policy performance. By estimating a regression discontinuity design with a four-component stochastic frontier panel data model, we estimate the causal impact of a policy intervention on the outcome variable, whenever the treatment status depends on an exogenous threshold. We distinguish between (i) the direct effect of the intervention, (ii) the efficiency-enhancing effect, or (iii) their combination. Moreover, we distinguish between persistent (time-invariant) and transient (time-varying) inefficiency components while accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, which is important for policy implications. We showcase the practical usefulness of the proposed approach by estimating the effect of providing additional resources on schools that exceed an exogenously set share of disadvantaged students in secondary schools in Flanders, Belgium. We also demonstrate the trade-off between balance of the covariates in the treated and control group and statistical power. Thus, despite insignificant effects in a balanced but smaller sample close to the discontinuity, the results become significant in the unbalanced sample with more statistical power. In both samples, we observe that the policy had an effect on the outcome mostly through the efficiency-enhancing channel. To this extent, we show that the model specification including both direct and indirect effects outperforms the other two specifications and it offers a more exhaustive perspective from a policy view point
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Essays in migration and regional trends in Germany
Full text linkThis thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonGermany is characterised by a remarkable history of labour migration, particularly
since World War II. The country experiences regional economic disparities, manifested
in varying income inequality levels, employment prospects, economic development
and infrastructure. These regional differences and the existence of structural
barriers shape the extent to which migrants integrate into society. This thesis explores
the socio-economic disparities between migrants and natives at the regional
level. Over the course of three essays, this thesis reveals a catch-up in socio-economic
standing between migrants and natives, while also emphasising persistent regional
disparities. Essay 1 explores the migration and inequality patterns in Germany from
1985 to 2015. Despite Germany’s historical dependence on migrant workers, contemporary
negative attitudes and bigotry often relegate migrants to lower social status.
Examining representative German household (SOEP) and Platform X (Twitter) data,
this chapter examines the inequality trends over a 30-year period (1985-2015). It
evaluates the socio-economic achievements of migrants in education, occupation and
income compared to natives. The results challenge existing public perceptions, as
there is no empirical evidence to support the idea that the proportion of immigrants
correlates with an increase in economic inequality.
Essay 2 examines household vulnerability, presenting a multivariate method that
measures vulnerability as an underachievement of multidimensional well-being and
explores its determinants. Using SOEP data spanning from 1985 to 2019, individual
achievements in employment, health, and housing are examined and aggregated at
the household level. The results show that non-native households exhibit the highest
vulnerability, mixed households display the least vulnerability, and native households
fall in between. Chapter 3 employs a task-based approach on German household data
spanning 1985 to 2020. The study analyses discrepancies in occupational trajectories
from a task-based perspective between the native and migrant populations at the aggregate
and regional levels. The analysis draws upon convergence-type regressions to
examine the aggregate and random coefficient models to explore the regional federal
state levels, focusing on routine manual, routine cognitive, non-routine manual, and
non-routine analytic tasks. The evidence suggests an aggregate-level convergence
among native, foreign-born, and second-generation migrants, coupled with a narrowing
gap between foreign-born and second-generation migrants. On the regional
level, the findings indicate heterogeneity with a more subtle convergence observed
in the East when compared with the West. The findings encourage ongoing efforts
to further narrow the economic migrant-native divide. Addressing regional disparities
requires collaborations between municipalities, non-profit and private sectors to
exchange best practices and implement programmes that incentivize endeavours in
disadvantaged regions (e.g., MacKinnon et al. (2024)). Additionally, inclusive workforce
policies accelerating skill and degree recognition are vital to foster migrants’
contributions to the German economy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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