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Development and validation of emotional labour in nursing scale in Italy
No full textBackground: Emotional demands may be a significant risk factor for wellbeing in healthcare professionals. Nurses
have been considered the most exposed to emotional burden known as emotional labour. Scholars define it as the process by which nurses sometimes hide/fake the real emotion or struggle to display the appropriate emotion to meet the emotional work requirements. Emotional labour can result in physical, psychological and behavioural disorders. A specific tool to measure it among nurses is still missing. Objectives: This study aims to develop and validate an emotional
labour scale for nurses. Methods: The design process consisted of three different phases. In the first one, 24 items have
been selected from different tools. The second consisted of the assessment of the face and content validity. In the third
phase, the Emotional labour scale has been psychometrically evaluated through a cross validation approach, including
both exploratory factor analysis performed on a sample of 205 Italian nurses, with the final selection of an 11- items
tool, and confirmatory factor analysis.Results: Emotional labour is acted through surface acting, compliance and
restraint. The Emotional Labour Nursing scale showed good psychometric properties and was found to be valid and
reliable for assessing emotional labour among nurses. The association between emotional labour and burnout was
investigated. Conclusions: The Emotional Labour scale may foster a fuller understanding of the consequences of
emotional labour. Since emotional demands and emotional labour are not included in the most common psychosocial
risk assessment tools currently available, our results point out to their role in work stress prevention
A Longitudinal Study about Substance Abuse among Italian Nursing Students: Can We Define a Socio-demographic Profile?
No full textBACKGROUND: Il periodo degli studi universitari è considerato di estrema vulnerabilità per l'abuso di sostanze tra gli studenti infermieri; questo può determinare l’esercizio di una pratica clinica, durante il tirocinio, non sicura. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di indagare l’uso di sostanze tra gli studenti infermieri, con particolare attenzione all’abuso di alcol, droghe e tabacco. Infine si vuole individuare il profilo socio-demografico di questi studenti. METODI: è stato utilizzato un disegno di studio longitudinale, basato su un campione di 254 studenti infermieri. Sono stati analizzati i dati della stessa coorte di studenti all’ingresso nel corso di studi (T0), alla fine del primo anno (T1), alla fine del secondo anno (T2) e alla fine del terzo anno (T3). RISULTATI: vi è una diminuzione del numero di studenti che fumano regolarmente, un aumento di coloro che usano droghe per perdere il controllo e che abusano di alcol con una frequenza settimanale. CONCLUSIONE: il riconoscimento precoce degli studenti che abusano di sostanze può essere fondamentale per la loro salute, per il loro percorso accademico e per una pratica clinica sicura.BACKGROUND: University time is considered to be a period of vulnerability among nursing students for substance abuse, which can create an unsafe clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the substance abuse of nursing students in the form of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use during the course of studies. In addition, another study aim was to describe a typical socio-demographic profile for substance-abusing students. METHODS: A longitudinal study design based on a sample of 254 nursing students was used. Data from the same cohort of students at the baseline level (T0), at the end of the first year (T1), at the end of the second year (T2) and at the end of the third year (T3) were analysed. RESULTS: A decrease in the number of nursing students who smoke regularly, an increase in the number of those who use drugs to lose control and of those who drink weekly were found. CONCLUSION: The early recognition of substance-abusing students can be fundamental to their health, academic background and safe clinical practice
Development and validation of emotional labour in nursing scale in Italy
Full text linkIntroduzione: Le richie-
ste emotive possono rappresentare un significativo fattore di rischio per il benessere degli operatori sanitari. Gli
infermieri vengono considerarti la categoria professionale più esposta al disagio emotivo conosciuto come emotional
labor. I ricercatori definiscono l’emotional labor come il processo attraverso il quale gli infermieri a volte nascondono
o falsificano le emozioni realmente sentite o si sforzano di mostrare l’emozione appropriata allo scopo di soddisfare le esigenze emotive dettate dal proprio lavoro. L’emotional labor può dare luogo a disturbi di tipo fisico, psicologico e del
comportamento. Uno strumento specifico che misuri l’emotional labor negli infermioeri ancora è mancante. Obiet-
tivi: Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di sviluppare e validare una scala per la misurazione dell’emotional labor negli
infermieri. Metodi: Il processo di ricerca si è sviluppato in 3 diverse fasi. Nella prima, 24 items sono stati selezionati
da diversi strumenti. La seconda fase ha comportato la valutazione della validità di facciata e di contenuto. Nella
terza fase la scala dell’emotional labor è stata valutata psicometricamente con un approccio di validazione incrociata
che ha incluso sia l’analisi fattoriale esplorativa condotta su un campione di 205 infermieri italiani, con la selezione
di una scala a 11 items, che l’analisi fattoriale confermativa. Risultati: L’emotional labor consta di 3 dimensioni:
recitazione, adesione e controllo. La scala dell’emotional labor ha evidenziato buone proprietà psicometriche ed è un
valido e affidabile strumento per la misurazione dell’emotional labour negli infermieri. Infine è stata indagata l’
associazione tra l’emotional labour e il burnout. Conclusioni: La scala dell’emotional labor può favorire una più
completa comprensione delle conseguenze dell’emotional labour negli infermieri. Poiché le richieste emotive e l’emotio-
nal labour non sono inclusi tra i più comuni strumenti di valutazione del rischio psicosociale lavorativo attualmente
disponibili, i nostri risultati evidenziano il loro ruolo nella prevenzione dello stress lavorativo.Background: Emotional demands may be a significant risk factor for wellbeing in healthcare professionals. Nurses have been considered the most exposed to emotional burden known as emotional labour. Scholars define it as the process by which nurses sometimes hide/fake the real emotion or struggle to display the appropriate emotion to meet the emotional work requirements. Emotional labour can result in physical, psychological and behavioural disorders. A specific tool to measure it among nurses is still missing. Objectives: This study aims to develop and validate an emotional labour scale for nurses. Methods: The design process consisted of three different phases. In the first one, 24 items have been selected from different tools. The second consisted of the assessment of the face and content validity. In the third phase, the Emotional labour scale has been psychometrically evaluated through a cross validation approach, including both exploratory factor analysis performed on a sample of 205 Italian nurses, with the final selection of an 11- items tool, and confirmatory factor analysis.Results: Emotional labour is acted through surface acting, compliance and restraint. The Emotional Labour Nursing scale showed good psychometric properties and was found to be valid and reliable for assessing emotional labour among nurses. The association between emotional labour and burnout was investigated. Conclusions: The Emotional Labour scale may foster a fuller understanding of the consequences of emotional labour. Since emotional demands and emotional labour are not included in the most common psychosocial risk assessment tools currently available, our results point out to their role in work stress prevention
The role of occupational stress in the association between emotional labor and burnout in nurses: A cross-sectional study
Full text linkAim To test a model to evaluate the influence of emotional labor on burnout and the mediating role of work-related stress reported by nurses.
Background: Nurses are particularly exposed to work-related stress caused by their relationships with their patients. Even though their emotional involvement can cause work-related stress for professionals, nurses recognize this as a fundamental part of the caring relationship, and it has been proved to be therapeutic for patients. The effects of emotional labor contribute to stress, and prolonged exposure to it contributes to burnout syndrome, with repercussions on nurses' health and quality of life, and patients' quality of care.
Methods: A multicentre correlational study was conducted on a sample of 207 nurses from different clinical areas in three hospitals in Italy. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure levels of emotional labor, burnout and work-related stress.
Results: High levels of emotional labor and work-related stress increase burnout syndrome in nurses. Work-related stress mediates the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. The Oncology ward is identified as the major clinical area exposing nurses to emotional labor.
Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the mediating role of work-related stress in the relationship between emotional labor and burnout, offering a new field for intervention to interrupt this process
Scala sullo Stress Morale Modificata (MDS-11): Studio di Validazione tra gli Infermieri Italiani,Modified Moral Distress Scale (MDS-11): Validation Study Among Italian Nurses
No full textbackground: moral distress (MD) has significant implications on individual and organizational
health. however there is a lack of an instrument to assess it among Italian nurses. AIM:
the main aim of this study was to validate a brief instrument to assess MD, developed from
the corley’s moral distress scale (MDS).
methods: the modified MDS scale was subjected to content and cultural validity. the scale
HODSwas administered to 347 nurses. psychometric analysis were performed to assess construct validity.
results: the scale consists of 11 items, investigating MD in nursing practice in different
clinical settings. the dimensionality of the scale was investigated through exploratory factor
analysis (EFA), which showed a two-dimensional structure labeled futility and potential damage.
the futility refers to feelings of powerlessness and ineffectiveness in some clinical situations;
the potential damage dimension captures feelings of powerlessness when nurses are forced to
tolerate or perform perceived abusive clinical proceedings. nurses who experienced higher MD,
were more lilely to experience burnout.
conclusion: the modified MDS showed good psychometric properties, and it is valid and
reliable for assessing moral distress among Italian nurses. Hence, the modified MDS allows to
monitor the distress experienced by nurses and it is an important contribution to the scientific
community and all those dealing with well-being of health workers
The role of occupational stress in the association between emotional labor and burnout in nurses: a cross-sectional study
No full textAim: To test a model to evaluate the influence of emotional labor on burnout and the mediating role of workrelated
stress reported by nurses.
Background: Nurses are particularly exposed to work-related stress caused by their relationships with their
patients. Even though their emotional involvement can cause work-related stress for professionals, nurses recognize
this as a fundamental part of the caring relationship, and it has been proved to be therapeutic for
patients. The effects of emotional labor contribute to stress, and prolonged exposure to it contributes to burnout
syndrome, with repercussions on nurses' health and quality of life, and patients' quality of care.
Methods: A multicentre correlational study was conducted on a sample of 207 nurses from different clinical areas
in three hospitals in Italy. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure levels of emotional labor, burnout and
work-related stress.
Results: High levels of emotional labor and work-related stress increase burnout syndrome in nurses. Workrelated
stress mediates the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. The Oncology ward is identified
as the major clinical area exposing nurses to emotional labor.
Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the mediating role of work-related stress in the relationship
between emotional labor and burnout, offering a new field for intervention to interrupt this process
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Kreitzer’s Well-Being Model Through Clinical Care Classification System: A Concept Mapping Study
Full text linkIntroductionNursing diagnoses are conventionally considered as functional, emotional, or behavioral deficiency, but they could also determine the level and quality of patients' well-being if properly formulated.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to integrate the standardized nursing language (SNL) of the Clinical Care Classification (CCC) system with Kreitzer's model of well-being.MethodsA concept mapping process was carried out, by a multidisciplinary team, between the 60 major diagnoses of the CCC system and the six dimensions of Kreitzer's well-being model. Diagnoses were independently evaluated, and consensus was reached through discussion. Agreement was measured using Fleiss' Kappa, and each diagnosis was scored as fully or partially aligned to quantify conceptual correspondence.FindingsThe mapping process reached an initial agreement above 50%. Some diagnoses were mapped to more than one dimension. All six dimensions of Kreitzer's model were represented, with 60 nursing diagnoses fully and 24 partially included. All well-being dimensions included at least one related nursing diagnosis. Most of the nursing diagnoses, through the mapping process, were included in the health dimension (85%) or in the security dimension (20%) of well-being.ConclusionsNursing diagnoses of the CCC system are a possible indicator of the patient's current and potential well-being, paving the way for the creation of a structured tool to be included in the initial assessment of the nursing process and for the identification of specific outcomes and interventions to work on the well-being of patients with different health problems
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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