177,017 research outputs found
Osteoporotic Fractures, DXA, and Fracture Risk Assessment: Meeting Future Challenges in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
No full textThe purpose was to report on the burden of osteoporotic fractures in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and the use of bone mineral density (BMD) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) databases for osteoporosis diagnosis. PubMed electronic database was reviewed using the following MeSH terms: Hip fractures, Fractures, Compression, Radius Fractures, Osteoporosis, Bone density, and Middle East up to July 2009. Incidence of hip fractures varied across the EMR between 100 and 295 per 100,000 person-years in women and 71 and 200 per 100,000 person-years in men. No data were found on other nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures. Prevalence of radiographic vertebral fractures older than 65. yr ranged between 15percent and 25percent in women and 7.3percent and 18percent in men. By 2020, the number of hip fractures older than 50. yr would increase by 20percent. DXA manufacturer's reference curves for the spine were higher than population-specific ones. At the hip, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and population-based curves were comparable. Estimates of the relative risk of vertebral fracture per SD decrease in BMD using NHANES and local data set were similar, that is, 1.61 (1.17-2.23) and 1.49 (1.14-1.95), respectively. The EMR is similar to southern Europe regarding incidence rates of hip fracture, suggesting the health burden to be significant. Using DXA at the hip, population-specific reference databases did not perform better than NHANES on which the FRAX model has been developed highlighting the need for reviewing fracture risk assessment strategies in the EMR. © 2011.Ahmadi-Abhari S, 2007, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V80, P147, DOI 10.1007-s00223-006-0242-9; ALNUAIM AR, 1995, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V56, P536, DOI 10.1007-BF00298585; Al-Omran A, 2006, SAUDI MED J, V27, P507; Ardawi MSM, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, P43, DOI 10.1007-s00198-004-1639-9; Baddoura R, 2001, East Mediterr Health J, V7, P725; Baddoura R, 2007, BONE, V40, P1066, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2006.11.016; Binkley N, 2006, J CLIN DENSITOM, V9, P4, DOI 10.1016-j.jocd.2006.05.002; Bubshait D, 2007, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V81, P455, DOI 10.1007-s00223-007-9090-5; Cankurtaran M, 2005, AGING CLIN EXP RES, V17, P108; Chang KP, 2004, J BONE MINER RES, V19, P532, DOI 10.1359-JBMR.040109; Cole Zoe A, 2008, Curr Rheumatol Rep, V10, P92, DOI 10.1007-s11926-008-0017-6; Crabtree NJ, 2002, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V13, P48, DOI 10.1007-s198-002-8337-y; Cummings SR, 2002, LANCET, V359, P1761, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(02)08657-9; Dargent-Molina P, 2002, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V13, P593, DOI 10.1007-s001980200078; DargentMolina P, 1996, LANCET, V348, P145, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(96)01440-7; Davison KS, 2009, AM J MED, V122, P992, DOI 10.1016-j.amjmed.2009.05.018; Dawson-Hughes B, 2010, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V21, P41, DOI 10.1007-s00198-009-1034-7; Dougherty G, 2001, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V68, P225, DOI 10.1007-s002230020015; El-Desouki MI, 2003, SAUDI MED J, V24, P953; El-Hajj F. 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Vertebral fracture risk and impact of database selection on identifying elderly Lebanese with osteoporosis
No full textThe International Osteoporosis Foundation recommends using a universal database i.e. the NHANES database for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Population-based databases for T-score calculation are still debated in terms of clinical and public health relevance. The current study aimed at estimating the prevalence of vertebral fractures in the Lebanese elderly, determining BMD-fracture relationship, and assessing the effect of database selection on osteoporosis prevalence and fracture risk assessment. Apparently healthy subjects were randomly selected from the Greater Beirut area - one-third of the Lebanese population at large - using a multilevel cluster technique. Subjects with medical conditions likely to affect bone metabolism i.e. history of major chronic disease, intake of medications that affect bone metabolism were excluded. Presence of vertebral fracture was estimated by a semi-quantitative assessment. Bone density was measured by central DXA. Clinical risk factors included age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, smoking, exercise, falls, previous fragility fracture and family history of fragility fracture. Impact of database selection was assessed by:(1)Comparison of sensitivity and specificity for prevalent vertebral fractures of the T-score ≤- 2.5 threshold using local versus NHANES database.(2)Comparison of estimates for fracture risk (RR-SD decrease in BMD) using local versus NHANES database. Prevalence of vertebral fractures was estimated at 19.9percent [15.4-25.0] in women and at 12.0percent [7.3-18.3] in men. Prevalence of osteoporosis by DXA using total hip was 33.0percent [27.5-38.8] in women and 22.7percent [16.2-30.2] in men. The NHANES database provided higher sensitivity for vertebral fracture than our population-specific database. RR of vertebral fracture per SD decrease in BMD remained unchanged across the two databases. In women, RR-SD were 1.61 [1.17-2.23] and 1.49 [1.14-1.95] in the NHANES and the local database, respectively, and in men 1.59 [0.94-2.72] and 1.43 [0.95-2.16]. In conclusion, our findings were in concordance with the IOF recommendations for the use of a universal database and could be used for the implementation of a unified fracture risk assessment paradigm along with the WHO initiative. © 2007.Arabi A, 2006, BONE, V39, P268, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2006.01.140; Ardawi MSM, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, P43, DOI 10.1007-s00198-004-1639-9; Baddoura R, 2001, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V49, P27; Baddoura R, 2001, East Mediterr Health J, V7, P725; BADDOURA RM, 2002, EUR LEAG RHEUM M; Baheiraei A, 2005, BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS, V6, DOI 10.1186-1471-2474-6-34; Center JR, 1999, LANCET, V353, P878, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(98)09075-8; Dougherty G, 2001, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V68, P225, DOI 10.1007-s002230020015; ELDESOUKI M, 1995, SAUDI MED J, V16, P30; Faulkner KG, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, P347, DOI 10.1007-s00198-004-1779-y; Faulkner KG, 1996, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V6, P432, DOI 10.1007-BF01629574; Ferrar L, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, P717, DOI 10.1007-s00198-005-1880-x; FLUEIHAN GE, 2001, J BONE MINER RES S, V1; Fuleihan GEH, 2002, BONE, V31, P520; GENANT HK, 1993, J BONE MINER RES, V8, P1137; Genant HK, 2003, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V14, pS43, DOI 10.1007-s00198-002-1348-1; Genant HK, 2000, J CLIN DENSITOM, V3, P281, DOI 10.1385-JCD:3:3:281; GENANT HK, 1994, J BONE MINER RES, V9, P1503; Ghannam NN, 1999, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V65, P23, DOI 10.1007-s002239900652; Gullberg B, 1997, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V7, P407, DOI 10.1007-PL00004148; Hammoudeh M, 2005, MATURITAS, V52, P319, DOI 10.1016-j.maturitis.2005.05.011; Hanson J, 1997, J BONE MINER RES, V12, P1316, DOI 10.1359-jbmr.1997.12.8.1316; JOHNELL O, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V11, P1330; Johnell O, 2005, J BONE MINER RES, V20, P1185, DOI 10.1359-JBMR.050304; Johnell O, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, pS3, DOI 10.1007-s00198-004-1702-6; Kanis JA, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, P155, DOI 10.1007-s00198-004-1640-3; Kanis JA, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, P581, DOI 10.1007-s00198-004-1780-5; Kanis JA, 2004, BONE, V35, P1029, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2004.06.017; Kanis JA, 2005, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V16, P737, DOI 10.1007-s00198-004-1734-y; Kanis JA, 2004, BONE, V35, P375, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2004.03.024; Larijani B, 2005, BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS, V6, DOI 10.1186-1471-2474-6-38; Lenchik Leon, 2002, J Clin Densitom, V5 Suppl, pS1, DOI 10.1385-JCD:5:3S:S01; Looker AC, 1998, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V8, P468, DOI 10.1007-s001980050093; Looker AC, 1997, J BONE MINER RES, V12, P1761, DOI 10.1359-jbmr.1997.12.11.1761; Maalouf G, 2000, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V11, P756, DOI 10.1007-s001980070054; Outif AM, 2004, SAUDI MED J, V25, P1040; Raef H, 2004, ANN SAUDI MED, V24, P397; Roy DK, 2003, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V14, P19, DOI 10.1007-s00198-002-1317-8; Saadi H F, 2001, East Mediterr Health J, V7, P730; Sadat-Ali M, 2004, SAUDI MED J, V25, P1615; Sibai AM, 2001, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V55, P271, DOI 10.1136-jech.55.4.271; STEIGER P, 1995, J BONE MINER RES, V10, P160216131
First Update of the Lebanese Guidelines for Osteoporosis Assessment and Treatment
No full textWith the demographic explosion, the human, social, and economic costs of osteoporosis in developing countries, including the Middle East, will continue to rise. In 2002, the Lebanese Guidelines for Osteoporosis Assessment and Treatment were developed to optimize quality of osteoporosis care in Lebanon and the region. They were endorsed by 5 Lebanese medical scientific societies, and by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office branch of the World Health Organization (WHO). In April 2006, the Lebanese Society for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disorders (OSTEOS) led an initiative to update several recommendations detailed in the original document, based on relevant new local and international data. Data from a population-based sample of elderly Lebanese validated the following recommendations: fracture risk assessment, expressed as relative risk per standard deviation (RR-SD) decrease, was comparable in Lebanese subjects to similarly derived estimates from Western studies; the use of the NHANES database (hip), and the densitometer American database (spine) was as good, if not superior to the use of a Lebanese database for identifying subjects with prevalent vertebral fractures. The original recommendation regarding the use of a gender-specific western database, densitometer for spine and NHANES for T-score derivation for men, remains unchanged. For skeletal site selection, the update recommends measuring the spine and hip for women ≤65 yr, hip only for subjects 65 yr, and adding the forearm in conditions associated with cortical bone loss or in the case of inability to measure axial sites. The original recommendations for conservative management in premenopausal women were reiterated. 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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
PTH level but not 25 (OH) vitamin D level predicts bone loss rates in the elderly
No full textWe assessed the impact of calciotropic hormones on bone loss in 195 elderly subjects. After a median follow up of 4 years, parathyroid hormone (PTH) correlated negatively with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at all skeletal sites. After adjustment for potential predictors of bone loss in the elderly, PTH level alone explained 3percent of the variance in BMD changes at the hip. Introduction: This study assessed the impact of calciotropic hormones on bone loss rates in an elderly population-based cohort of 195 ambulatory men and women, aged 65-85 years and followed up for a median of 4 years. Methods: Calcium intake, serum calcium, and phosphorus were assessed at baseline. Serum creatinine was measured at follow up visit. The 25 (OH) vitamin D [25-OHD] and PTH were measured at baseline and at follow up. Bone mass at the lumbar spine, hip, forearm and total body, as well as body composition was measured at baseline and at follow up by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Mean 25-OHD level was 14.7 ± 6.4 ng-ml and mean PTH level was 47.9 ± 30.4 pg-ml. Age correlated negatively with percent changes in BMD at all skeletal sites (p 0.05). Changes in body mass index (BMI) and in body composition correlated positively with BMD changes at all sites, except at the forearm. There was no correlation between 25-OHD and changes in BMD except at the trochanter (r = 0.19, p 0.008). Conversely, PTH negatively correlated with changes in BMD at all skeletal sites (r = -0.14 to -0.27, p 0.05). This correlation persisted after adjustment for age, changes in BMI, changes in fat mass and lean mass, serum creatinine, calcium intake, and 25-OHD levels. PTH level alone explained 3percent of the variance in BMD changes at all hip subregions. Conclusions: Serum PTH, but not 25-OHD, predicted bone loss rates in the elderly. Thus, it is important to normalize PTH level when correcting hypovitaminosis D in the elderly. © 2011 International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation.Adami S, 2009, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V20, P239, DOI 10.1007-s00198-008-0650-y; Arabi A, 2006, BONE, V39, P268, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2006.01.140; Baddoura R, 2007, BONE, V40, P1066, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2006.11.016; Bischoff-Ferrari HA, 2005, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V293, P2257, DOI 10.1001-jama.293.18.2257; Bischoff-Ferrari HA, 2004, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V291, P1999, DOI 10.1001-jama.291.16.1999; Bischoff-Ferrari HA, 2004, AM J MED, V116, P634, DOI 10.1016-j.amjmed.2003.12.029; Bjornerem A, 2007, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V81, P65, DOI 10.1007-s00223-007-9035-z; Blain H, 2004, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V59, P1285; Boonen S, 2007, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V92, P1415, DOI 10.1210-jc.2006-1404; Collins D, 1998, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V8, P110, DOI 10.1007-BF02672505; Deane A, 2007, BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS, V8, DOI 10.1186-1471-2474-8-3; Dennison E, 1999, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V10, P384, DOI 10.1007-s001980050244; Emaus N, 2006, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V163, P441, DOI 10.1093-aje-kwj055; Ensrud KE, 2009, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V94, P2773, DOI 10.1210-jc.2008-2786; Fradinger EE, 2001, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V12, P24, DOI 10.1007-s001980170153; Garnero P, 2007, BONE, V40, P716, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2006.09.026; Gennari L, 2003, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V88, P5327, DOI 10.1210-jc.2003-030736; Hannan MT, 2000, J BONE MINER RES, V15, P710, DOI 10.1359-jbmr.2000.15.4.710; Ho-Pham LT, 2010, BMC MUSCULOSKEL DIS, V26, P59; KROLNER B, 1982, ACTA RADIOL DIAGN, V23, P517; Kuchuk NO, 2007, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V67, P295, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2265.2007.02882.x; Mellstrom D, 2008, J BONE MINER RES, V23, P1548; Mosekilde L, 2008, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V69, P1, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2265.2007.03162.x; Pottelbergh V, 2003, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V88, P075; Rand T, 1997, CALCIFIED TISSUE INT, V35, P667; Reid IR, 2008, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V19, P595, DOI 10.1007-s00198-007-0492-z; RIGGS BL, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V314, P1676, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198606263142605; Sahota O, 2004, BONE, V35, P312, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2004.02.003; Salamoun MM, 2005, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V59, P177, DOI 10.1038-sj.ejcn.1602056; Stewart KJ, 2005, AM J PREV MED, V28, P453, DOI 10.1016-j.amepre.2005.02.003; Stone K, 1998, J BONE MINER RES, V13, P1167, DOI 10.1359-jbmr.1998.13.7.1167; van Schoor NM, 2008, BONE, V42, P260, DOI 10.1016-j.bone.2007.11.002; Yoshimura N, 2011, J BONE MINER METAB, V29, P96, DOI 10.1007-s00774-010-0197-9; Zhai G, 2008, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V19, P1211, DOI 10.1007-s00198-008-0562-x17141
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
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