131,899 research outputs found
Serial order in short-term memory
No full textHow do we maintain a novel sequence of items in the correct order? For example, how do we remember the car number plate at the scene of a crime? Or how do we remember an unfamiliar telephone number during the few seconds between putting down the telephone directory and picking up the telephone? This immediate serial recall or ‘memory-span’ task has fascinated psychologists for decades; it has remained the dominant empirical tool behind contemporary theories of short-term memory, such as Alan Baddeley’s working-memory theory (Baddeley, 1986). However, like many questions in cognitive psychology, the apparent ease with which we perform such a simple task (providing the telephone number is not too long!) masks a rich and complex host of issues
Modelling spatial point patterns in R
No full textWe describe practical techniques for fitting stochastic models to spatial point pattern data in the statistical package R. The techniques have been implemented in our package spatstat in R. They are demonstrated on two example datasets
Attentional control in Alzheimer's disease
No full textAttentional control of executive function declines during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Controversy exists as to whether this decline results from a single global deficit or whether attentional control can be fractionated, with some aspects being more vulnerable than others. We investigated three proposed domains of attention, namely (i) focal attention, based on simple and choice reaction times; (ii) the capacity to resist distraction in a visual search task; and (iii) the capacity to divide attention between two simultaneous tasks. For each domain, two levels of difficulty were used to study Alzheimer's disease patients, who were compared with elderly and young control subjects. The unitary attentional hypothesis predicted that the impacts of level of difficulty, age and disease would be qualitatively similar across the three attentional domains. In fact we observed different patterns for each domain. We obtained no differential impairment for patients in the focal attentional task, whereas patients were somewhat more susceptible than control subjects to the similarity of the distractor items in visual search. Finally, we observed marked impairment in the capacity of Alzheimer's disease patients to combine performance on two simultaneous tasks, in contrast to preserved dual-task performance in the normal elderly group. These results suggest a need to fractionate executive processes, and reinforce earlier evidence for a specific dual-task processing deficit in Alzheimer's disease
Working memory in Down syndrome: is there a dual task deficit?
No full textBackground Recent studies have shown that individuals
with Down syndrome (DS) are poorer than
controls in performing verbal and visuospatial dual
tasks.The present study aims at better investigating
the dual task deficit in working memory in individuals
with DS.
Method Forty-five individuals with DS and 45
typically developing children matched for verbal
mental age completed a series of verbal and visuospatial
working memory tasks, involving conditions
that either required the combination of two tasks in
the same modality (verbal or visual) or of crossmodality
pairs of tasks.
Results and conclusions Two distinct deficits were
found in individuals with DS: impairment in verbal
tasks and further impairment in all dual task conditions.
The results confirm the hypothesis of a
central executive impairment in individuals with
DS
Integrating Biblical Counseling Principles into the Small Group Discipleship Model at Foothills Church of Stayton, Oregon
No full textINTEGRATING BIBLICAL COUNSELING PRINCIPLES INTOTHE SMALL GROUP DISCIPLESHIP MODEL AT
FOOTHILLS CHURCH OF STAYTON, OREGON
Robert Raymond Baddeley, DEdMinThe Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2020
Faculty Supervisor: Dr. Matthew D. Haste
This project seeks to integrate biblical counseling practice and principles into the small group discipleship model of ministry at Foothills Church in Stayton, Oregon. Chapter 1 discussed the context, leadership structures, and discipleship at Foothills and the rationale and goals for integrating biblical counseling into the small groups format.
Chapter 2 provides the biblical basis and theological support for the integration of biblical counseling principles into discipling within the small group format.
Chapter 3 is a review of the biblical and theological basis for the integration of biblical counseling principles and disciple-making.
Chapter 4 explains the implementation of the project. Included is the summary of each session, key texts used for instruction, and discipleship and counseling connections for each topic.
Chapter 5 evaluates the goals, objectives, and implementation of the project. It also includes reflections and lessons learned along with critique for improvements in the course
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Exploring the inner speech process in verbal working memory
No full textVerbal working memory (VWM) is the ability to dynamically preserve and manipulate verbal information for brief periods of time. VWM is maintained through a silent "inner speech" process (Baddeley, 1986; Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). It is well established in the behavioral and neuroimaging literature that VWM can be disrupted by the simultaneous (concurrent) performance of simple speech tasks (e.g. overt concurrent articulation of a word or digit) (Caplan et al., 2000; Larsen & Baddeley, 2003). Our primary goal in these experiments is to test whether VWM and overt concurrent articulation will have one or more overlapping regions of activation in areas commonly associated with speech processing, and to determine whether such regions are active during simple tapping tasks. Due to concerns about overt movement artifacts, we also explore covert version of speech and tapping tasks. Experiment 1 was a behavioral study that examined the effects of overt and covert concurrent articulation and finger tapping on VWM. We found that overtly and covertly concurrently articulating "the" were the most detrimental to subjects' recall ability. These effects could be attributed to dual-task interference effects at the level of inner speech in VWM, thus, indicating a shared set of neural regions for all speech and VWM. At the same time, the effect sizes were different for the overt and covert versions of our tasks, raising questions about the common assumption of shared substrates. Experiment 2 was an imaging study designed to examine whether there were shared neural regions between simple speech tasks and VWM and to further explore differences between overt and covert tasks. The results from this experiment provided only weak evidence implicating two candidate regions as the shared locus of activation: the left cerebellum and left superior temporal gyrus. We also found interesting evidence in support of distinct sets of regions for overt versus covert versions of the tasks
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