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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The role of the diaphanous-related formins DRF1, DRF2 and DRF3 in ErbB2-dependent cell motility and microtubule dynamics
No full textLes formines de la famille des DRF sont des puissants nucleateurs d'actine. Précédemment, nous avons montré que DRF1 participe à la capture des microtubules (MTs) au niveau du cortex cellulaire, en aval du récepteur ErbB2. Ceci impliquait le recrutement d'APC et ACF7. Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné la contribution de DRF1, DRF2 et DRF3 à la capture des MT corticaux et à la migration cellulaire ErbB2- dépendante. La déplétion individuelle de DRF1/2 ou 3 à l'aide de siRNA perturbe fortement la migration chimiotactique ErbB2-dépendante. Les DRF sont toutes trois requises pour la capture des MT au niveau du cortex cellulaire. Des mutants de DRF1 déficients pour leur association avec l'actine sont toujours actifs pour la capture des MT. Nous avons aussi pu montrer qu'une construction limitée au domaine FH2 des DRF était parfaitement fonctionnelle. Nous avons alors procéder à une recherche systématique des protéines se liant au domaine FH2, par purification d'affinité et spectrométrie de masse. Nous avons observé que les domaines FH2 de DRF1, DRF2 et DRF3 se lient à des groupes de partenaires distincts. Ainsi, seul le domaine FH2 de DRF1 lie la protéine Rab6-Interacting Protein 2 (RB6IP2). De plus, DRF1 contrôle le recrutement de RB6IP2 au cortex cellulaire et la déplétion concomitante de RB6IP2 et d'IQGAP1 perturbe fortement la capture des MT. Ces résultats démontrent l'implication de l'interaction entre DRF1 et RB6IP2 dans la capture des MT dans les cellules en migration.Diaphanous-related formins (DRF) nucleate single linear filaments, binding to and protecting from capping their growing barbed ends. We have previously found that DRF1 participated to the tethering of microtubules (MTs) to the cell cortex, downstream of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. This involved the recruitment of APC and ACF7. We have now further investigated the contribution of DRF1, and of the closely related DRF2 and DRF3, to the capture of cortical MTs and ErbB2-dependent breast carcinoma cell migration.Using siRNA to knock down individual DRFs, we found that depletion of DRF1/2 or3 strongly disturbed ErbB2-dependent chemotaxis. All three DRFs were required for the formation of cortical MTs, in a non-redundant manner. DRF1 mutant proteins defective for actin binding were still active for MT capture. We also found that, upon truncation of the Formin Homology (FH) 1 domain, the FH2 domain remained fully functional. In a systematic search for proteins binding to the FH2 domains via affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis, we observed that the FH2 domains of DRF1, DRF2 and DRF3 engaged with distinct sets of proteins. For instance, only FH2 domain of DRF1 pulled down Rab6-Interacting Protein 2 (RB6IP2). Interestingly, DRF1 controlled the cortical localization of RB6IP2 and concomitant depletion of RB6IP2 and IQGAP1 strongly disturbed capture of cortical MTs, showing the involvement of the DRF1/IQGAP1/RB6IP2 interaction in MT tethering at the cell leading edge
Microtubule associated proteins participates to regulate tumoral migration and matrix degradation by tumoral cells
No full textLa migration et l'invasion tumorale sont des étapes clés de la cascade métastatique. Les microtubules (MT) contribuent à la division cellulaire et constitue la cible des agents de chimiothérapie anti-MT (ACM). Ce sont des structures dynamiques qui s'ancrent aux structures cellulaires périphériques. Durant ma thèse, j’ai étudié comment les protéines régulant le bout « + » des MT (+TIP) contribuent à la migration cellulaire et à la dégradation de la matrice extracellulaire. D’abord j’ai étudié l'impact de l'eribuline, un ACM dépolymérisant, sur la migration de cellules mammaires. L'éribuline s'est avérée empêcher l'ancrage des MT, modifier leur dynamique et inhiber la migration dirigée cellulaire, phénomène que nous avons expliqué par son action sur la +TIP EB1 mais surtout par la délocalisation de la tubuline polymérase ch-TOG de l'extrémité + des MT. Puis, nous avons examiné le rôle des +TIP dans la dégradation de la matrice, par les invadopodes, de petites protrusions riches en actine dégradant la matrice. La déplétion de EB1 et ses partenaires, APC et ACF7, régulaient négativement l’action des invadopodes, laissant supposer la présence d'un complexe fonctionnel : EB1, APC et ACF7 régulant négativement les invadopodes. En parallèle, par analyse protéomique systématique des composant des invadopodes, nous avons identifié de nouveaux proches voisins de TKS5, protéines indispensable à la formation des invadopodes, dont une protéine associée aux MT, MAP4. Au total, la régulation de la dynamique des +TIP est importante pour la migration et l'invasion et développer des stratégies ciblées contre ces acteurs pourrait améliorer la prise en charge du cancer du sein métastatique.Migration and invasion are key steps in the metastatic cascade. Microtubules (MT) are involved in cell division and are dammaged by MT tagetting agents(MTA), a widely used chemotherapy drugs. MT are dynamic structures anchored to peripheral cell structures. During this work, I studied how proteins that regulates the "+" end of MT (+ TIP) cell migration and extracellular matrix degradation. First I adressed the impact of eribulin, a new depolymerizing MTA, on mammary cell migration. Eribulin was found to prevent the anchoring of MT to cell cortex, to modify their dynamics and to inhibit cell migration, a phenomenon that we explained by its action on +TIP EB1 but more precisely by the delocalization of tubulin polymerase ch-TOG. Next we investigated the role of TIPs in invadopodia matrix degradation , which are actin-rich protrusion specialized in matrix digestion. The depletion of EB1 and its partners, APC and ACF7, negatively regulated the action of invadopodia, assumed the presence of a complex complex: EB1, APC and ACF7 negatively regulating invadopodia activity. In parallel, by systematic proteomic analysis of the component of the invadopodia, we identified new close neighbors of TKS5, an essential proteins in invadopodia formation, including a MT associated protein MAP4. In conclusion, the regulation of + TIP dynamics is important for migration and invasion and developping targeted strategies against them could improve the management of metastatic breast cancer
Etude des voies de signalisation associées à la stabilité des microtubules et au chimiotactisme induits par le récepteur à tyrosine kinase ErbB2, dans le cancer du sein
No full textErbB2 est un récepteur à activité tyrosine kinase dont la surexpression dans le cancer du sein est corrélée à un mauvais pronostic. Son activation induit de nombreuses voies de signalisation. L'objectif de notre travail était d'étudier le réseau de signalisation associé à la migration dépendante d'ErbB2 et de déterminer la contribution des microtubules à ce processus.ErbB2 recrute un module de signalisation qui comporte l'effecteur Memo, la GTPase RhoA, et la formine mDia1. Ce module réprime GSK3, pour permettre la localisation à la membrane plasmique d'un complexe de capture des microtubules comprenant le suppresseur de tumeur APC et la spectraplakine ACF7.La voie Memo/ACF7 est impliquée dans le chimiotactisme via la capture des microtubules ainsi que la phospholipase PLCγ1, un autre effecteur d'ErbB2 qui participe également à la capture des microtubules. Sa signalisation rejoint la voie Memo en amont de GSK3 via les PKC classiques. PLCγ1 agit aussi via aPKCζ.PI3K est également impliquée dans le chimiotactisme grâce à la stabilisation des microtubules. Elle implique l'inhibition de GSK3 et la phosphorylation de la Stathmine par la kinase PAK1.Sur la base de ces résultats, nous proposons un modèle, basé sur un processus en deux étapes. Tout d'abord, les microtubules sont capturés lors de la formation de la protrusion cellulaire. Puis, ils sont stabilisées à l'avant des cellules. Ces deux étapes sont régies par des voies de signalisation différentes qui coordonnent la capture des microtubules et la stabilité des microtubules pour contrôler la réponse chimiotactique.ErbB2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase who's over expression in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis. Upon activation, ErbB2 induces numerous signaling pathways. Our aim is to investigate the signaling network associated with ErbB2-driven migration and to determine the contribution of microtubules to migration.ErbB2 recruits a signaling module including the ErbB2 effector Memo, the GTPase RhoA, and the formin mDia1. It represses GSK3 activity, to allow the localization to the plasma membrane of a microtubule capture complex comprising the tumor suppressor APC and the spectraplakin ACF7.Memo/ACF7 pathway is involved in chemotaxis via microtubule capture. PLCγ1, another effector of ErbB2, also participates in microtubule capture. It joins Memo pathway via classic PKCs upstream GSK3, and also acts via aPKCζ. PI3K is involved in chemotaxis through microtubule stabilization. Our results suggested that PI3K-dependent microtubules stabilization involves inhibition of GSK3 activity and phosphorylation of Stathmin via PAK1 activity.Defects in microtubule capture/stability are closely correlated with chemotaxis disturbances and rescue of microtubules within cell protrusion re-establishes cell orientation.We propose a model based on a two-step process to explain regulation of microtubule dynamics downstream of ErbB2. First, microtubules are captured during the formation of cell protrusions. Then they are stabilized at the cell front. These two steps are governed by different signaling pathways that coordinate microtubule capture and microtubule stability to control chemotaxis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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