1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Use of carcass washing for microbial reduction after broiler evisceration
No full textBroiler production and processing have several points to be monitored to reduce the losses and to improve meat quality. Among these points, an important point is related to bird processing on the slaughterhouse, highlighting the evisceration. This step may cause large losses for the industry by the condemnation of carcasses by fecal contamination. The current Brazilian legislation allows the removal of contaminated parts through the process called trimming using a knife, and more recently the use of washing carcasses by shower sprays was also approved. However, there is no consensus regarding the efficiency of the washing process. Thus this study aimed to evaluate both decontamination processes used by the industry. Five groups of broiler carcasses were evaluated: with fecal contamination (CC); without apparent fecal contamination (SCA); with contamination and trimmed (CCR); with contamination and washed (CL); contaminated and washed/trimmed (CLR). Microbiological testing of all carcasses evaluated mesophiles, total coliforms, E. coli, and the presence and quantification of Salmonella spp by the most probable number method (MPN). For mesophiles the group that obtained the lowest scores was the CLR, with a significant difference for the CCR group that obtained the highest scores. Regarding the CC group, carcasses from the group CLR had a reduction of 1 log CFU/g. CL groups, SCA and CC had no significant differences for mesophiles. Washed carcasses (CL) had significant total coliform reduction compared to trimmed group (P<0.05) with a reduction of 1.33 log CFU/g compared to the CC group. Similar results were obtained for E. coli, where the CL group was statistically better than the CCR. Salmonella spp results demonstrated that the CL group had the lowest percentage of positivity. The total positive carcasses subjected to quantification, 75% had values of 0-10 MPN/g. It is concluded that the washing process is efficient in reducing the count of total coliforms. It is possible to conclude that carcass washing was equally or more effective than trimmingA produção e o processamento de frangos de corte possuem vários pontos a serem monitorados para que ocorra redução das perdas produtivas e a produção de carne de excelente qualidade. Dentre estes pontos, um está relacionado ao abate, principalmente a evisceração. Esta etapa pode causar grandes perdas por condenação de carcaças contaminadas com conteúdo fecal. A atual legislação brasileira permite a remoção da contaminação através do processo de retirada da parte contaminada com auxílio de faca (refile) e mais recentemente a utilização da lavagem de carcaças. Não havendo consenso em relação à eficiência do processo de lavagem, este trabalho objetivou verificar a eficiência do processo de lavagem com água através de chuveiros na redução de mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp em carcaças de frango de corte na etapa de pós-evisceração comparado com o refile. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de 25 carcaças cada de frangos de corte recém eviscerados em um frigorífico catarinense. Cinco carcaças provenientes do mesmo lote e turno de abate foram coletadas para cada grupo avaliado: com contaminação fecal (CC); sem contaminação fecal aparente (SCA); com contaminação e refiladas (CCR); com contaminação lavada (CL); e com contaminação lavada e refilada (CLR). A análise microbiológica das carcaças avaliou mesófilos totais, coliformes totais, E. coli e a presença com posterior quantificação de Salmonella spp pelo método do número mais provável (NMP). Para mesófilos o grupo CLR obteve as menores contagens, com diferença significativa para o grupo CCR que obteve as maiores contagens. Em relação ao grupo CC, as carcaças lavadas e refiladas apresentaram redução de 1 log UFC/g. Os grupos CL, SCA e CC não apresentaram diferença significativa para mesófilos. Na avaliação de coliformes totais, o tratamento de lavagem foi estatisticamente melhor que o refile, observando redução na contagem do grupo CL de 1,33 log UFC/g em relação ao grupo CC. Resultado semelhante foi obtido para E. coli, onde o grupo CL foi estatisticamente melhor que o CCR. Na pesquisa de Salmonella spp os resultados demonstram que o grupo CL teve a menor porcentagem de
positividade. Do total de carcaças positivas submetidas à quantificação, 75% apresentaram valores de 0-10 NMP/g. Conclui-se que a lavagem é um processo eficiente na redução da contagem de coliformes totais das carcaças. Comparativamente a lavagem foi tão ou mais eficiente que o refile, já que reduziu a quantidade de Salmonella spp nas carcaçasCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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