2,224,811 research outputs found
Phillip G. Back papers
No full textThis collection contains documents and correspondence from the collection of Phillip Goldstein Back (1902-1979), a long-time resident of Little Rock and prominent Jewish businessman
UK back pain exercise and manipulation (UK BEAM) trial - national randomised trial of physical treatments for back pain in primary care: objectives, design and interventions
No full textLow back pain has major health and social implications. Although there have been
many randomised controlled trials of manipulation and exercise for the management of low back
pain, the role of these two treatments in its routine management remains unclear. A previous trial
comparing private chiropractic treatment with National Health Service (NHS) outpatient
treatment, which found a benefit from chiropractic treatment, has been criticised because it did not
take treatment location into account. There are data to suggest that general exercise programmes
may have beneficial effects on low back pain. The UK Medical Research Council (MRC) has funded
this major trial of physical treatments for back pain, based in primary care. It aims to establish if,
when added to best care in general practice, a defined package of spinal manipulation and a defined
programme of exercise classes (Back to Fitness) improve participant-assessed outcomes.
Additionally the trial compares outcomes between participants receiving the spinal manipulation in
NHS premises and in private premises
Are you sitting comfortably? The political economy of the body
No full textThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the mass production of furniture in modern industrial societies and lower back pain (LBP). The latter has proven to be a major cost to health services and private industry throughout the industrialised world and now represents a global health issue as recent WHO reports on obesity and LBP reveal. Thus far there have been few co-ordinated attempts to deal with the causes of the problem through public policy. Drawing upon a range of sources in anthropology, health studies, politics and economics, the paper argues that this a modern social problem rooted in the contingent conjuncture of natural and social causal mechanisms. The key question it raises is: what are the appropriate mechanisms for addressing this problem? This paper develops an analysis rooted in libertarian social theory and argues that both the state and the capitalist market are flawed mechanisms for resolving this problem. There remains a fundamental dilemma for libertarians, however. Whilst the state and the market may well be flawed mechanisms, they are the dominant ones shaping global political economy. To what extent can libertarians work within these structures and remain committed to libertarian goals
The Economics of Back-Pressure Steam Turbines
No full textRecently, back-pressure steam turbines have become the focal point in many cogeneration applications. This is a result of the savings in operating costs associated with the generation of electrical or mechanical power coincident with the economical use of available thermal energy. The benefits and constraints of back-pressure systems, however, are not always readily apparent and may result in the misapplication of this technology. This paper, therefore, will examine new turbine installations and backpressure retrofits and will determine the most economical back-pressure turbine applications. A generalized methodology is highlighted, allowing the reader to readily evaluate and determine the economic justification of back-pressure turbines in many cogeneration applications. The impact on plant energy use and cost is calculated, and the effects of load variation and the value of high-efficiency turbines are discussed. The specific process plant case studies reviewed involve back-pressure turbines of 100 to 5000 hp for mechanical drives, for generator drives, and as pressure reducing station replacements
Conservative management of back pain: A literature update
Get PDFMost adults suffer from low back pain (LBP) at some time in their lifetime. The resulting medical costs and workrelated productivity losses make LBP one of the most expensive ailments to our society today.1 In the military, LBP is one of the largest detriments to Soldier health and mission readiness. Back disorders are among the most common causes of hospitalization, ambulatory medical visits, and restricted duty days in the U.S. Armed Forces.2 The high cost, along with the lack of consistency of medical treatment for LBP, has resulted in the creation and implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the management and treatment of LBP around the world
Back to Backs: a portrait of a house
No full textThis is a social documentary about the different ways that people live in back to back housing today. Built, during the industrialization of Leeds, as utility housing for the masses, they were initially all relatively identical. Today however their inhabitants are from all walks of life and like to individualize their homes in different ways
[Chronic back ache--a psychosociobiological illness]
No full textChronic back pain is one of the eight most important symptoms of mankind in several lifetime prevalence studies. In the chronification process, an utmost important role is devoted to psychosocial influences, whereas structural abnormalities normally do not have a primal function in this process. The author also includes the discussion of the possibilities for the generalist to influence early the chronification process with the aim to keep the patient in his/her working environment
A parameter back-calculation technique for pavements under moving loads
No full textMaintenance and rehabilitation strategies of pavements are usually made based on the results of performance evaluation. An efficient tool for pavement structural evaluation at network level is the traffic speed deflectometer (TSD) test. In order to deal with TSD measurements, this paper proposes a parameter back-calculation technique. Firstly, the sensitivity of the surface response for an elastic pavement structure with hysteretic damping to different structural parameters is investigated. Then, the ability of the parameter backcalculation technique is verified by conducting a case study. The results show that the proposed technique is able to back-calculate the structural parameters of pavements by analysing TSD measurements. The presented work contributes to the development of parameter back-calculation techniques for the TSD test.Accepted author manuscriptPavement EngineeringDynamics of Structure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
United Kingdom back pain exercise and manipulation (UK BEAM) randomised trial:effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care
Get PDFObjective: To estimate the effect of adding exercise classes, spinal manipulation delivered in NHS or private premises, or manipulation followed by exercise to "best care" in general practice for patients consulting with back pain. Design: Pragmatic randomised trial with factorial design. Setting: 181 general practices in Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework; 63 community settings around 14 centres across the United Kingdom. Participants: 1334 patients consulting their general practices about low back pain. Main outcome measures: Scores on the Roland Morris disability questionnaire at three and 12 months, adjusted for centre and baseline scores. Results: All groups improved over time. Exercise improved mean disability questionnaire scores at three months by 1.4 (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 2.1) more than "best care." For manipulation the additional improvement was 1.6 (0.8 to 2.3) at three months and 1.0 (0.2 to 1.8) at 12 months. For manipulation followed by exercise the additional improvement was 1.9 (1.2 to 2.6) at three months and 1.3 (0.5 to 2.1) at 12 months. No significant differences in outcome occurred between manipulation in NHS premises and in private premises. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Relative to "best care" in general practice, manipulation followed by exercise achieved a moderate benefit at three months and a small benefit at 12 months; spinal manipulation achieved a small to moderate benefit at three months and a small benefit at 12 months; and exercise achieved a small benefit at three months but not 12 months
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