1,721,003 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Clinical correlates of white matter lesions in younger alcohol addicts
No full textEinleitung: Zahlreiche Untersuchungen haben belegt, dass die bekannten zerebrovaskulären Risikofaktoren mit einem vermehrten Auftreten von Läsionen der weißen Substanz (WSL) verknüpft sind. Die Datenbasis bezüglich der Rolle des Alkohols bei der Entstehung von WSL ist bis heute schlecht. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, die Prävalenz von WSL bei jüngeren Alkoholkranken unter Berücksichtigung anderer bekannter sowie potentieller Risikofaktoren zu ermitteln. Methoden: N=100 Patienten im Alter von 25-60 Jahren (Durchschnittsalter 44 Jahre), welche die Diagnosekriterien einer Alkoholabhängigkeit (ICD F10.2) erfüllten, wurden mit einem 1,5 Tesla Magnetresonanstomographen (MRT), nach einem standardisierten Protokoll, auf das Vorkommen von WSL sowie deren Lokalisation und Ausbreitung hin untersucht. Alle Patienten befanden sich in freiwilliger stationärer Behandlung. Es wurden Daten zu Vorerkrankungen, Bildung, Beruf, Schadstoffexposition, Ernährung, Rauchen, Laborwerte, Vitaminspiegel, ApoE-Genotyp sowie Daten zu Parametern der Alkoholkrankheit und zum Konsum anderer Rauschmittel als Alkohol erhoben. Ergebnisse: WSL konnten bei 39 Patienten gefunden werden. 34 hatten subkortikale fokale WSL (≤ 5 mm), 13 periventrikuläre WSL (zwölf ≤ 5 mm, einer 6-10 mm). 26 hatten ausschließlich subkortikale, fünf ausschließlich periventrikuläre und acht WSL beider Lokalisationen. Signifikante positive Assoziationen fanden sich zu höherem Alter, größerer täglicher Trinkmenge, niedrigerem Hämatokrit und niedrigerer Kreatinkinase. Grenzsignifikante Assoziationen fanden sich zu häufigerer Malnutrition, seltenerem Verzehr von Milchprodukten und einem niedrigeren Hämoglobinwert. Die Patienten der fünften Lebensdekade hatten signifikant häufiger WSL und gaben signifikant größere tägliche Trinkmengen an. Die bekannten zerebrovaskulären Risikofaktoren waren nicht mit WSL assoziiert. Diskussion: Die Daten dieser Studie an jüngeren Alkoholkranken deuten darauf hin, dass Menge und Dauer eines erhöhten Alkoholkonsums, in Kombination m it einem höheren Lebensalter, schon ab der fünften Lebensdekade ein Risikofaktor für WSL sind. Die meisten Patienten hatten subkortikale WSL. Diese werden eher mit zerebrovaskulären Risikofaktoren als mit einem höheren Lebensalter in Verbindung gebracht. Auch die Ernährung scheint eine Rolle zu spielen. Der Verzehr von Milchprodukten könnte einen protektiven Effekt haben. Die signifikant niedrigeren Werte für Hämatokrit und Kreatinkinase sowie der grenzsignifikant niedrigere Hämoglobinwert könnten die Folge eines alkoholinduzierten Diabetes insipidus sein. Die von anderen Autoren formulierte Annahme, dass es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Veränderungen des Blutbildes sowie der Hirnmorphologie und der Alkoholkrankheit gibt, können wir mit unseren Daten unterstützen. Ebenso die These, dass ein erhöhter Alkoholkonsum ein Risikofaktor für eine im späteren Leben erhöhte Vulnerabilität der weißen Substanz ist. Wir nehmen an, dass ein erhöhter Alkoholkonsum Alterungsprozesse des zentralen Nervensystems beschleunigt und das Risiko, WSL bereits in jüngeren Jahren zu entwickeln, erhöht.Background: Several studies have shown that well-known cerebrovascular risk factors are associated with a higher incidence of white matter lesions (WML). The knowledge of the role of alcohol in the development of WML still is poor. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of WML in younger alcohol addicts. Well-known and potential risk factors for WML were taken into account. Methods: N=100 patients aged 25-60 years (mean age 44 years) fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of alcohol dependency (ICD F10.2) were examined with 1,5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging according to a standard protocol concerning localization and dissemination of WML. All patients were voluntary in-patients. Data concerning medical history, education, occupation, exposure to toxic substances, nutrition, smoking, laboratory values, vitamin levels, ApoE-genotype, parameters of alcohol dependency and consumption of other drugs than alcohol were collected. Results: WML could be found in 39 patients. 34 had subcortical focal WML (≤ 5 mm), 13 periventricular WML (twelve patients ≤ 5 mm, one patient 6-10 mm). 26 had exclusively subcortical WML, five had exclusively periventricular WML and eight had WML of both localizations. Significant positive associations were found to higher age, higher amount of daily alcohol consumption, lower haematocrit and lower creatine kinase. There was a trend towards more frequent malnutrition, less frequent consumption of dairy products and a lower haemoglobin level in patients with WML. Patients in the fifth decade of life had significantly more often WML and reported significantly higher levels of daily alcohol consumption. Well-known cerebrovascular risk factors were not associated with WML. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the amount and the duration of higher alcohol consumption, in combination with higher age, are possible risk factors for WML as early as from the fifth decade of life. Most of the patients had subcortical WML. These are known to be associated to cerebrovascular risk f actors rather than to higher age. Nutrition might play a role in the development of WML. Consumption of dairy products might have a protective effect. The significantly lower levels for haematocrit and creatine kinase and the trend towards lower haemoglobin levels might be the consequence of an alcohol induced diabetes insipidus. We can support the assumption that there is an association between changes in blood count and brain morphology, reported by other authors. Moreover we can support the thesis that higher alcohol consumption is a risk factor for a higher vulnerability of the cerebral white matter. We assume that higher alcohol consumption accelerates aging processes of the brain and increases the risk for preterm WML
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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