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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Arterial stiffness index assessment in heart transplanted patients, hypertensive and non-hypertensive

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    A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) pós-transplante é frequente e está associada com aumento da morbimortalidade cardiovascular e subsequente disfunção do enxerto, sendo relatada como consequência ao uso de imunossupressores, especialmente os inibidores da calcineurina. Este estudo pretende avaliar o impacto da hipertensão arterial sobre a rigidez arterial calculada utilizando o índice ambulatorial de rigidez arterial (IARA) como desfecho substituto obtido pela monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) em pacientes transplantados de coração. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, observacional, analítico, com grupo controle, realizado no Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart Gomes, hospital público do estado do Ceará, especializado em doenças cardiopulmonares e de referência em transplante de coração. Foram selecionados pacientes adultos transplantados do coração, os quais passaram por exames clínicos e complementares, e um grupo controle com pacientes não transplantados hipertensos. Todos foram submetidos a MAPA e obtenção do IARA com o objetivo de estimar o risco de rigidez arterial. Foram realizados testes estatísticos de significância e regressão logística para controle de confundimento. A média de idade dos transplantados foi de 55 anos, contra 48 dos não transplantados. A hipertensão prévia foi mais frequente em não transplantados, mas diabetes e doença arterial coronariana foram mais frequentes em transplantados. A média diastólica dos transplantados (82) é significativamente maior que a dos não transplantados (74) e o descenso sistólico é praticamente inexistente em pacientes transplantados (-0,18) que no grupo-controle (9,45). A condição de transplantado do paciente não é determinante de rigidez arterial, mas a hipertensão arterial sistólica na primeira avaliação, a média sistólica em 24h, a média diastólica em 24h, o descenso sistólico, o descenso diastólico e o IARA (parâmetros da MAPA) o são. Este estudo encontrou que num grupo de transplantados de coração adultos, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica está independentemente associada com a rigidez arterial estimada pelo IARA, que é um novo método, não invasivo, de fácil execução e de baixo custo. A evidência demonstrada por este estudo pode auxiliar no direcionamento de tratamento dos pacientes transplantados, contribuindo com melhoria do prognósticoHypertension post cardiac transplant is frequent and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and graft dysfunction, being reported because of the use of immunosuppressant, especially the calcineurin inhibitors. This study aims to evaluate the impact of hypertension on the arterial stiffness calculated using the IARA as surrogate outcome obtained by the Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in heart transplanted patients. This is an observational study, analytical, with the control group, in Heart and Lung Messejana´s Hospital, a public institution in the State of Ceará, which is specialized in cardiopulmonary diseases and especially in heart transplant, with adult patients cardiac transplanted, which underwent clinical and complementary exams, from which were obtained the IARA. Statistical significance tests and logistic regression to control for confounding were performed. The average age of transplanted was 55 years, against 48 of the non-transplanted. Hypertension was more frequent in prior not transplanted, but diabetes and coronary artery disease were more frequent in transplanted. The average diastolic of transplanted (82) is significantly higher than the non-transplanted (74) and decrease systolic is virtually nonexistent in transplant patients (-0.18) than in the control group (9.45). The condition of the transplanted patient is not determinant of arterial stiffness (p = 0.105), but are the systolic hypertension in the first evaluation, the average systolic, diastolic average in 12:0 am 12:0 am, systolic, diastolic descent and the IARA (parameters of the HBPM). This study showed that in a group of adult cardiac transplanted, hypertension is independently associated with arterial stiffness estimated by IARA, which is a new method, non-invasive, easy to perform and inexpensive. The evidence demonstrated by this study may assist in treatment of transplanted patients, contributing to improving the prognosi

    Genetic and inflammatory markers in heart failure: the impact of exercise trainin

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    Introdução: O exercício físico pode reverter o prejuízo funcional causado pela insuficiência cardíaca (IC). No entanto, os mecanismos implicados na melhora funcional e o efeito do exercício em outros biomarcadores de gravidade, incluindo microRNAs e marcadores de inflamação, são apenas parcialmente compreendidos.Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito do exercício nos níveis séricos da adiponectina, interleucina-6 (IL-6), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-alfa), galectina-3, microRNAs miR-423-5p, -221 e -155 em pacientes com IC. Analisar a associação entre estes biomarcadores e a melhora da capacidade funcional após 12 semanas de exercício em pacientes com IC. Métodos: Foram incluídos pacientes com IC, FEVE <= 40%, terapia clínica otimizada e randomizados em três grupos: exercício intervalado, exercício contínuo ou controle. Foi realizado teste de esforço cardiopulmonar (TECP) e dosados os níveis séricos de adiponectina, IL-6, TNF-alfa, galectina-3, microRNAs miR-423-5p, -221 e -155 antes e após a intervenção, com duração de 12 semanas. Resultados: Quarenta pacientes, 49±7 anos, 53% homens, FEVE 30±6%, 25% com cardiopatia isquêmica foram incluídos na análise (intervalado-12, continuo-14, controle-14). O exercício, especialmente intervalado, aumentou o tempo de tolerância ao esforço no TECP em relação ao grupo controle (intervalado - 13 ± 3 min vs contínuo - 12 ± 3 min vs controle - 11±2 min, p = 0,034), mas não teve efeito no VO2 pico. Ambas modalidades de exercício, intervalado e contínuo, tiveram efeito neutro em todos os biomarcadores séricos dosados, incluindo os microRNAs. Os parâmetros basais associados com mudança na capacidade funcional foram o tempo de tolerância ao esforço no TECP e o nível sérico de IL-6. Na análise multivariada, somente o nível sérico de IL-6 (após conversão logarítmica) foi significativamente associado com mudança no VO2 pico com o exercício [Coeficiente beta =-0,35 ± 0,11, p = 0,005]. Conclusões: Doze semanas de exercício aeróbico, tanto intervalado como contínuo, tiveram efeito neutro em biomarcadores de inflamação e fibrose e nos níveis circulantes dos microRNAs miR-423-5p, -221 e -155 em acientes com IC. Além disso, níveis séricos elevados de IL-6 foram independente associados a ausência de resposta ao treinamento físicoBackground: Exercise training can revert the functional impairment caused by heart failure (HF). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the improvement in functional capacity and the effect of the exercise on other biomarkers of severity, including microRNAs and inflammatory biomarkers, are only partially understood. Aims: To evaluate the effect of exercise on serum levels of adiponectin, interleucina-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis fator-alpha (TNF-alpha), galectina-3, microRNAs miR-423-5p, -221 and -155 in patients with HF. To assess the association between these biomarkers and improvement in functional capacity after 12 weeks of exercise in patients with HF. Methods: We included patients with HF, LVEF <= 40%, under optimized clinical therapy, and randomized into three groups: interval exercise, continuous exercise and control. We performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and determined the serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-alpha, galectina-3, microRNAs miR-423-5p, -221 and -155 before and after the intervention, which lasted 12 weeks. Results: Forty patients, 49±7 years old, 53% men, LVEF 30 ± 6%, 25% with ischemic cardiomyopathy were included in the analysis (interval-12, continuous-14, control-14). The exercise, particularly the interval training, increased the CPET exercise time, when compared with the control group (interval - 13 ± 3 min vs continuous - 12 ± 3 min vs control - 11±2 min, p = 0.034), but had no effect on peak VO2. Both modalities of exercise, interval and continuous, had neutral effect on all analyzed serum biomarkers, including the microRNAs. Baseline parameters associated with change in functional capacity with exercise were CPET exercise time and IL-6 serum level. In multivariate analysis, only IL-6 serum level (log-transformed) was significantly associated with modification in peak VO2 with exercise [? coefficient =-0.35 ± 0.11, p = 0.005]. Conclusions: Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise, both interval and continuous, had neutral effect on the serum biomarkers of inflammation and fibrosis and the circulant microRNAs miR-423-5p, -221 e -155 in patients with HF. Besides, increased IL-6 serum levels at baseline were independently associated with lack of response to exercise trainin

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Evaluation of muscle mass and strength in patients in the pre and post heart transplant

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    INTRODUÇÃO: Existem poucos estudos demonstrando que anormalidades musculares esqueléticas em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica persistem meses após o transplante cardíaco. No presente estudo, objetivamos avaliar massa muscular, e força muscular periférica e respiratória em pacientes no pré-transplante cardíaco, e no seguimento precoce (6 meses) e tardio (1,5 e 3 anos) pós-transplante cardíaco. Objetivamos verificar ainda a correlação entre força muscular periférica e respiratória em pacientes no pré e pós-transplante cardíaco. Comparamos, por fim, os dados de pacientes do pré-transplante cardíaco com um grupo controle de indivíduos saudáveis sem doença cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de estudo prospectivo do tipo coorte. Foram selecionados todos os pacientes em lista de espera para transplante cardíaco do Hospital de Messejana, do período de agosto de 2011 a março de 2013. Avaliamos idade, gênero, causas da insuficiência cardíaca, hipertensão, diabetes, tempo de espera na lista, tempo de internamento pós-transplante, tempo de ventilação mecânica, medida da força muscular respiratória, da força muscular periférica, da espessura do adutor do polegar, média bilateral da área de secção transversal do músculo psoas maior, índice de massa corporal e creatinina em todos os pacientes do estudo e no grupo controle. As variáveis de massa e força muscular foram medidas por meio de tomografia computadorizada, paquimetria, manovacuometria e dinamometria. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 25 pacientes elegíveis e 23 foram incluídos. Ocorreram 8 óbitos no seguimento precoce, 4 no seguimento tardio e, ao final de 3 anos de seguimento, 11 pacientes sobreviveram com enxerto funcionando. Foram selecionados 23 indivíduos saudáveis para o grupo controle, pareados para gênero, idade, peso e altura. Quando comparamos as variáveis de massa e força muscular dos pacientes do grupo pré-transplante cardíaco com o grupo controle de indivíduos saudáveis foram encontradas diminuição da força muscular periférica (27,0 kg/f vs. 38,2 kg/f), da área de secção transversal do músculo psoas ( 1.238,9 mm2 vs. 1.533,1 mm2) da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (16,5 mm vs. 23,9 mm), da força muscular inspiratória (60,2 cmH2O vs. 94,8 cmH2O) e da força muscular expiratória (75,2 cmH2O vs. 102,17 cmH2O) nos pacientes do grupo pré-transplante cardíaco. Na comparação entre os períodos pré-transplante cardíaco, seguimento precoce e seguimento tardio pós-transplante cardíaco houve aumento estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001) das seguintes variáveis: força muscular periférica (27,3 kg/f vs. 34,7 kg/f), da área de secção transversal do músculo psoas ( 1.305,4 mm2 vs. 1.431,3 mm2) da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (15,9 mm vs. 20,2 mm), da força muscular inspiratória (59,5 cmH2O vs. 90,9 cmH2O) e da força muscular expiratória (79,5 cmH2O vs. 101,8 cmH2O) nos 11 pacientes sobreviventes. Ao final do seguimento tardio pós-transplante cardíaco todas as variáveis de massa e força muscular atingiram níveis semelhantes àqueles do grupo controle, exceto a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados demonstraram haver sarcopenia em pacientes no pré-transplante cardíaco, visto que houve diminuição da massa muscular e da força muscular periférica e respiratória confirmando a presença de dois critérios, requisito para fazer o diagnóstico de sarcopenia. O transplante cardíaco proporcionou aumento da força muscular respiratória, da força muscular periférica, da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar e aumento da massa muscular do psoasINTRODUCTION: There are few studies demonstrating that skeletal muscle abnormalities in patients with chronic heart failure persist for months after heart transplantation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate muscle mass, and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients in pre-heart transplantation, and in the early (6 months) and late (1.5 to 3 years) follow-up after heart transplantation. We also aimed to verify the correlation between peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients before and after heart transplantation. Finally, we compared the pre-heart transplantation patients\' data with a control group of healthy individuals without heart disease. METHODS: It was a prospective cohort study. We selected all patients on the waiting list for heart transplantation of Messejana\'s Hospital from August 2011 to March 2013. Age, gender, cause of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, period on the waiting list, post-transplantation hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation time, measurements of respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory muscle strength and maximum expiratory muscle strength), peripheral muscle strength (hand grip strength), adductor pollicis muscle thickness, the bilateral average of the major psoas muscle cross-sectional area, body mass index and serum creatinine were assessed in all the patients in the study and in control groups. Mass and muscle strength variables were measured using computed tomography, pachymetry, manometry and dynamometry. RESULTS: We found 25 eligible patients and 23 were included. There were 8 deaths in the early follow-up period; by the end of 3-year follow-up there were 11 surviving patients with functioning graft. We selected 23 healthy subjects for the control group, matched for gender, age, weight and height. When we compared the variables mass and muscle strength of the pre heart transplant patients with healthy control subjects were found decreased peripheral muscle strength (hand grip strength) (27.0 kg/f vs. 38.2 kg/f), of the psoas muscle\'s cross-section area (1238.9 mm2 vs. 1533.1 mm2), the adductor pollicis muscle thickness (16.5 mm vs. 23.9 mm), maximum inspiratory muscle strength (60.2 cmH2O vs. 94 8 cmH2O) and maximum expiratory muscle strength (75.2 cm H2O vs. 102.17 cmH2O) in patients in the pre heart transplant group. Comparing the pre-heart transplant periods, the early and late heart transplantation follow-up there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) the following variables: peripheral muscle strength (hand grip strength) (27.3 kg / f vs. 34.7 kg / f ), the psoas muscle\'s cross-sectional area (1305.4 vs. 1431.3 mm 2 mm 2) the adductor pollicis muscle thickness (15.9 mm vs. 20.2 mm), maximum inspiratory muscle strength (59.5 cmH2O vs. 90.9 cm H2O) and maximum expiratory muscle strength (79.5 cm H2O vs. 101.8 cm H2O) in the 11 surviving patients. At the end of post-heart transplant late follow-up all variables mass and muscle strength reached similar levels to those of the control group, except the adductor pollicis muscle thickness. CONCLUSION: The findings showed that there was sarcopenia in patients in pre-heart transplantation period, since there was a decrease in muscle mass and a decrease in muscle strength of peripheral and respiratory muscles confirming the presence of at least two criteria, a requirement to make the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Heart transplantation has provided increased respiratory muscle strength, increased peripheral muscle strength, increased the adductor pollicis muscle thickness and increased psoas muscle mas

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

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    Evaluation of predictor variables for hospital readmission within 90 days in patients undergoing cardiac transplantation

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    Introdução: O transplante cardíaco é a opção terapêutica de escolha para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada (estágio D) e refratária ao tratamento clínico otimizado, de acordo com diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Os receptores de transplante cardíaco (TC) correm o risco de reinternações nos primeiros 90 dias após a alta. No entanto, os dados sobre a prevalência, fatores de risco e desfechos clínicos associados a novas internações pós-TC neste chamado período vulnerável são limitados. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever padrões, fatores de risco e desfechos clínicos em receptores de TC em um centro de referência em cardiologia no Brasil. Métodos: Incluímos pacientes com idade > 18 anos, que realizaram TC entre 2013 e 2019 e sobreviveram à internação inicial após o TC. Os dados foram extraídos manualmente de prontuários eletrônicos. Foram identificadas reinternações urgentes e óbitos ocorridos nos primeiros 90 dias após a alta hospitalar. Utilizou-se regressão univariável e multivariável para identificar as variáveis associadas às reinternações nos 90 dias após a alta hospitalar. Resultados: Foram incluídos 239 pacientes. Destes, 118 (49,4%) apresentaram nova internação urgente dentro de 90 dias após a alta hospitalar e 5 (2,01%) faleceram. A maioria dos pacientes reinternados teve uma nova internação hospitalar (86,0%). O tempo médio entre a alta hospitalar índice e a nova internação hospitalar foi de 37 ± 22,6 dias. A principal causa de reinternação urgente foi infecção (55,0%), seguida de rejeição (26,0%). Na análise multivariada, a proteína C-reativa na alta >= 10 e a ocorrência de sangramento intracraniano na internação índice foram associadas a um risco aumentado de readmissão. Maior duração da hospitalização por índice e uso de doses menores de azatioprina foram associados a menor risco de reinternação. Conclusão: Cerca de metade dos receptores de TC foram reinternados nos primeiros 90 dias após a alta hospitalar, com a maioria dos casos ocorrendo no início do primeiro mês. No entanto, a mortalidade geral foi baixa. A compreensão dos fatores associados à reinternação após a alta hospitalar pode auxiliar na implementação de estratégias para evitar morbidade e custos hospitalaresIntroduction: Heart transplantation (HT) recipients are at risk for urgent rehospitalizations within the first 90 days following discharge. However, data on prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with post-HT rehospitalization in this so called vulnerable period are limited. Methods: This study aims to describe patterns of urgent rehospitalizations in HT recipients at a single cardiology reference center in Brazil. We included patients aged greater than 18 years old who underwent HT between 2013 and 2019 and survived their initial HT hospitalization. Data was extracted from electronic medical records. Urgent rehospitalizations and deaths occurring within the first 90 days following hospital discharge were identified. Univariable and multivariable regression were used to identify variables associated with rehospitalizations within 90 days following hospital discharge after HT. Results: A total of 239 patients were included. Of those, 118 (49.4%) presented with a new urgent hospitalization within 90 days following hospital discharge and 5 (2.01%) died. Most patients who were rehospitalized had one new hospital admission (86.0%). The mean time between index hospitalization discharge and the new hospital admission was 37.0 ± 22.6 days. The main cause of urgent rehospitalization was infection (55.0%), followed by rejection (26.0%). In the multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein at discharge >= 10 and the occurrence of intracranial bleeding at index hospitalization were associated with an increased risk of readmission. Longer duration of index hospitalization and use of lower doses of azathioprine were associated with a lower risk of rehospitalization. Conclusion: Around half of HT recipients were rehospitalized within the first 90 days after hospital discharge, with most cases occurring early within the first month. However, overall mortality was low. Understanding factors associated with post-HT rehospitalization may help the implementation of strategies to avoid patient morbidity and hospital cost
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