1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Modeling, production and optimization of a-Si:H multicolordiode for an improved color separation
No full textGegenstand der verfassten Dissertationsschrift ist die Entwicklung neuartiger, lichtsensitiver und spektralselektiver Photodioden aus amorphem, hydrogenisiertem Silizium sowie amorphen Siliziumlegierungen. Üblicherweise erreicht man Farbselektivität in Bildaufnehmern aus kristallinem Silizium durch Aufbringen optischer Filterschichten auf einen helligkeitsempfindlichen Sensor. Nutzt man die wellenlängenabhängige optische Absorption des amorphen Materials aus und erzeugt zudem einen mehrschichtigen Halbleiterstapel, dessen Ladungsträgerdrifteigenschaften sich für unterschiedliche Schichttiefen unterscheiden, wird eine Feldsteuerung der spektralen Empfindlichkeit ermöglicht. Anhand der vorgestellten Bauelementarchitekturen kann eine beliebige Anzahl ortsaufgelöster Farbsignale in nur einem einzelnen Sensorelement generiert werden. Es wird der Entwicklungsprozess von Helligkeitssensoren über diskret bandabstandsoptimierte Mehrfarbsensoren bis hin zu höchstkomplexen, kontinuierlich bandveränderten, Hyperspektralsensoren beschrieben. Die genaue Kenntnis elektrooptischer Eigenschaften der implementierten Einzelschichten in derartigen Detektoren - diese Dünnschichten sind Absorptions-, Dotierungs- und Kontaktschichten - ist im Entwicklungsprozess unabdingbar. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit findet eine ausführliche elektrische und optische Charakterisierung einer Vielzahl diskreter Dünnschichten mittels Strom-/Spannungs-, spektraler Empfindlichkeits- und konstanter Photostrommessungen statt. Zudem werden fundamentale Ergebnisse aus optischen Simulationen, insbesondere Absorptions-, Reflexions- und Transmissionsspektren sowie Schichtdickenanalysen, präsentiert und diskutiert. Weiterhin wird das transiente und das kapazitive Verhalten der hergestellten Farbsensoren beleuchtet. Um die Funktion der Sensoren anhand von Transport-, Generations- und Rekombinationsmechanismen von Ladungsträgern im amorphen Silizium physikalisch nachvollziehen zu können, werden zwei Modelle, ein stark vereinfachtes, analytisches Modell und ein komplexerer, numerischer Modellansatz zur Berechnung diverser halbleiterphysikalischer Parameter des Sensorelementes pin-Diode, gegenübergestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk wird in diesem Zusammenhang auf den örtlichen Verlauf des elektrischen Feldes und dem Produkt aus Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit und -lebensdauer, dem mutau-Produkt, gelegt. Diese Parameter definieren die Driftlänge, die fundamentale Variable zur Steuerung der spektralen Empfindlichkeit. Die vorgestellten Modelle sind zur Beschreibung der spektralen Empfindlichkeit ungeeignet, jedoch tragen sie in großem Maße zum Verständnis der Funktionsweise der entwickelten Bauelemente bei und unterstützen die Interpretation der entstandenen Messergebnisse. Ein selbst entwickeltes Modell zur Beschreibung des Kathodenmaterialeinflusses auf Interferenzerscheinungen in der fallenden Flanke der Spektralantwort stellt ein eigenständiges Kapitel der Arbeit dar. Die Herstellung eines Hyperspektralsensors, dessen Bauelementstruktur sowohl die Detektion des nahezu kompletten sichtbaren Spektralbereiches als auch die Abtastung im nahen UV-Bereich ermöglicht, ist eines der wissenschaftlichen Kernresultate der Dissertation. Ein neuartiges Prozessierungsverfahren, welches eine textit{in situ}-Strukturierung von Dünnschichten im Hochvakuum-Herstellungsprozess ermöglicht, ohne diese mit Flüssigkeiten zu ätzen, wird ebenso präsentiert. Unmittelbar vor Fertigstellung der Arbeit konnte erfolgreich die Integration eines vergrabenen, diskreten a-Si:H-Dünnschichtfilters, welcher gesondert die Grünempfindlichkeit eines Mehrfarbdetektors unterdrückt, demonstriert werden. Nicht zuletzt belegen die vorgestellten Dünnschichtbauelemente, dass diese innovative Sensortechnologie zur Erkennung koloristischer Merkmale erhebliches Potential der Weiterentwicklung aufweist.
Ein potentielles Einsatzgebiet der neu entwickelten Sensoren liegt im Bereich der Sicherheitstechnologie, zum Beispiel in der Erkennung von Gefahrstoffen, wie Sprengstoffen oder illegalen Drogen. Ebenso sind Anwendungen in der Medizin- und Umwelttechnik vorstellbar, etwa bei der Klassifizierung von Abfällen oder bei Untersuchungen von Gewebeproben. Mögliche Anwendungsfelder erschließen sich zudem in Bereichen der Photovoltaik, spektrophotometrischer und hyperspektraler Messsysteme sowie in chemischen Analyseverfahren.The object of this PhD thesis is the development of novel light sensitive and spectral selective photodiodes based on amorphous silicon and its alloys. Typically, color selectivity of state of the art crystalline silicon sensors is achieved by stacking additional optical filter arrays on sensors surfaces being just sensitive to light intensity. The wavelength dependent optical absorption in amorphous silicon combined with an adequate -engineering of the absorbing multilayer stack, results in a field-adjustable drift-profile. This enables the opportunity to manipulate the spectral response. The sensor architectures developed are capable to generate almost an infinite number of space-resolved color information signals in just one single sensing device. The development process presented ranges from simple light intensity detectors to multicolor sensors with an optimized discrete bandgap structure. At the end of the process, characteristics of high complex and continuous bandgap adjusted hyperspectral sensors are discussed. Detector development requires an exact and well-founded knowledge of electro-/optical characteristics of the thin film layers; these are absorbing-, doping- and contact thin films. In this work, a variety of layers is examined by current-/voltage-, spectral sensitivity- and constant photocurrent measurements. Beneath optical simulations to analyze absorption-, reflection- and transmission spectra, scanning electron microscopy studies were performed to monitor film thicknesses, etching processes and the structural quality of the deposited thin films. An additional focus is put on the transient and capacitive behavior of the devices developed. To understand physical fundamentals like transport-, generation- and recombination processes in an amorphous hydrogenated silicon pin-photosensor, a simple analytical model and a more complex numerical model of a-Si:H devices are compared to calculate essential parameters like current density. Furthermore, those models support the interpretation of the measurement results. Especially, the course of the electrical field and the product of charge carrier mobility and life-time, the mutau-product, give an insight in understanding the functionality of the devices presented. This special transport parameter defines the drift-length, the fundamental value enabling a voltage adjustable spectral response. Those models do not allow a fully characterization of the spectral response curves, but they support the fundamental understanding of the devices functionality and help in interpreting the measurement results. In this work, a model describing the correlation between the cathode material and the interference fringes, occurring in the falling edge of the spectral response, is developed and highlighted in a separate chapter. One of the main research results being presented in this work is the realization of an innovative hyperspectral sensor being not just sensitive in the visible spectral range, but being able to scan optical signals in the near ultraviolet, too. Another highlight presented, is the development of a novel process, enabling an in-situ structuring of thin films in a high vacuum process, without etching the material with a fluid solvent. At the end of this thesis, an innovative sensor structure comprising an internal, discrete a-Si:H filter structure which successfully suppresses the green sensitivity of a multicolor sensor is characterized. All thin film detectors presented, reveal that this kind of innovative sensor technology is predestined to be used in color recognition systems. Therefore, they offer a lot of potential for improvement and redevelopment. Possible sensor applications may exist in fields of civil security technologies, for example in the detection of hazardous materials, like explosives or illegal drugs. Moreover, applications in fields of environmental engineering are imaginable to classify waste or tissue samples. These sensors also may be useful for improving photovoltaic cells, medical diagnostic tools, fluorescence and spectrophotometric measurement systems, chemical analysis tools or colorimetric and hyperspectral imagery systems
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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