196,442 research outputs found
Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) babai Habu 1973
No full textHarpalus (Pseudoophonus) babai Habu, 1973 Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) babai Habu, 1973: 108. Type locality: "Sasaguchi-hama, Niigata Pref.", Honshu, Japan. Diagnosis. This species is similar in general habitus and isodiametric microsculpture on elytral disc to H. pseudohauserianus, but differs from the latter in having legs pale, reddish brown, and elytra densely, distinctly punctate and pubescent on intervals 8–10 and at apex. Metafemur has four setigerous pores along posterior margin. Body length 12.0– 12.5 mm. Material examined. China. JIANGXI: 1 ♀, Dongxiang, 10.VII. 1958, no collector (IZB). Distribution. Southeastern China: Jiangxi. The species is recorded from China for the first time. Harpalus babai was previously known only from Japan (Honshu) and South Korea (mainland and Jejudo Island) (Kataev et al. 2003; Paik & Jung 2004; Paik & Moon 2005)]. Remarks. The status of this taxon is not entirely known. It was described from two specimens: the female holotype from Honshu, Japan, and the male paratype from Hanna Mountain, Quelpart (= Jejudo) Island, South Korea. Although the original description of H. babai is based on male and female, the aedeagus was not illustrated and its characteristics were not described since the male paratype is teneral (Habu 1973). The single female from Jiangxi examined by us agrees well with the original description, but the study of additional material including males from Japan and China is much needed to be sure in the identification of this specimen.Published as part of Kataev, Boris M. & Liang, Hongbin, 2015, Taxonomic review of Chinese species of ground beetles of the subgenus Pseudoophonus (genus Harpalus) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 3920 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28788
Pseudanisentomon babai
No full textPseudanisentomon babai (Imadaté) Fig. 4 Eosentomon babai Imadaté, 1964a: 60, figs. 28–30; Imadaté, 1965a: 44, 57, figs. 203, 206, 207, 241–245; 1974b: 303, figs. 159–160. Pseudanisentomon babai: Zhang & Yin, 1984: 69, 75. Specimens examined. Specimens deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NSMT): 2 males, Mt. Hokiyadake, Nagano Prefecture, 23-IX-1987, M. Kurata leg. (Imadaté's Proturan Collection No. 7007 e30 and e34); two females, same locality, 23-IX-1988, M. Kurata leg. (Imadaté's Proturan Collection No. 7007 49 and 82); 1 male, 1 female, Kubura –daki, Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Prefecture, 31-I-1993, Z. Miyara et al. leg. (Imadaté's Proturan Collection No. 9028-1 and -2). Other specimens recorded. One female, Suidoyama–koen, Kiryu–shi, Gunma Prefecture, 36°25'03"N, 139°20'01"E, 220 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by Pinus densiflora and Quercus serrata, 21-VI-1988, O. Nakamura leg.; 1 larva I, Shogen–toge, San'nose, Enzan–shi, Yamanashi Prefecture, 35°50'37"N, 138°50'55"E, 1280 m elevation, litter of a forest dominated by Aesculus turbinate and Pterocarya rhoifolia, with a ground cover of Sasa borealis, 9-VIII-1987, O. Nakamura leg.; 2 males, 1 female, 1 larva I, Hachikenya, Uji–shi, Kyoto Prefecture, 34°52'51"N, 135°48'49"E, 100–200 m elevation, litter of secondary (60–70 years) forest dominated by Pinus densiflora, 14-VI-1974, K. Niijima leg.; 2 females, 1 maturus junior, 1 larva I, Kubura–dake, Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Prefecture, 24°27'13"N, 122°57'30"E, 150 m elevation, Livistona chinensis var. subglobosa, 19-V-2000, H. Mizushima leg.; 1 female, 1 maturus junior, Mandabaru, Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Prefecture, 24°27'26"N, 122°58'34"E, 100 m elevation, litter of evergreen broad-leaved forest, 21-V-2000, M. Mizushima leg. Additions to description. On the head, setae aa, pa and m4 present, sensilla as and ps present (Fig. 4A); seta sp about 1.3 times longer than p. Labral setae not seen, but its socket distinct (Fig. 4B). Seta rs inflated, equal to sr in length (Fig. 4B). On maxillary palpus (Fig. 4C) sensilla md and ml similar to each other in shape and length. On galea (Fig. 4D) digits slender and similar in shape and length. Mandible distally broad, with two apical and two subapical teeth (Fig. 4E). On hind tarsus (Fig. 4F) D2 and D4 spine-like, D4 distally more slender than D2. Tracheal camerae short and broad, and distally contracted (Fig. 4G). Central lobe incised (Fig. 4H). Laterostigmata II– III distinct (Fig. 4I), II with a faint central spot; III without inner structure. On abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 4J) P1a' with basal dilatation and anterior to P2; P2a linear. Remarks. The holotype was not found in the collection of NSMT, though the late Dr. Imadaté noted the type specimen was deposited there. Hence, the specimens examined were those identified by the late Dr. Imadaté as Ps. babai in Imadaté’s Proturan Collection in NSMT. Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Iriomote and Yonaguni Islands).Published as part of Nakamura, Osami, 2010, Taxonomic revision of the family Eosentomidae (Hexapoda: Protura) from Japan 2701, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 2701 on pages 10-1
Uroptychus babai Ahyong & Poore 2004
No full text<i>Uroptychus babai</i> Ahyong & Poore, 2004 <p> <i>Uroptychus granulatus</i>. — Baba, 1990: 923, fig. 9 (Madagascar, 880–920 m) (not <i>U. granulatus</i> Benedict, 1902).</p> <p> <i>Uroptychus babai</i> Ahyong & Poore, 2004a: 22, fig. 4 (New South Wales, 905–1152 m). — Baba, 2005: 224 (synonymies, key).</p> <p>Type data: holotype, male, AM P26782.</p> <p>Type locality: E of Broken Bay, 33°31–34´S, 152°02–04´E, 905–914 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1)</i> on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5134587">http://zenodo.org/record/5134587</a>
Babai-guided Interference-aware Adaptive QRD-M Detection in MIMO-OFDM Communication Systems
No full textThis paper presents an adaptive QRD-M detection algorithm designed to reduce the computational complexity of MIMO systems while maintaining near-maximum likelihood detection (near-MLD) performance. The proposed method introduces a dynamic threshold mechanism based on a breadth-first tree search, where pruning is guided by both symbol reliability and interlayer interference derived from the upper-triangular structure of the QR-decomposed channel matrix. The threshold is further refined using a Babai estimate obtained from Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) lattice reduction, allowing the algorithm to adaptively adjust the candidate set at each detection stage. The simulation results across 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 MIMO systems using 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulation schemes demonstrate that the proposed Babai-guided interference-aware adaptive QRD-M (BIA-QRD-M) algorithm achieves near-MLD performance. The proposed method achieves a reduction of up to 49% in the average number of branch metric computations at high SNR and an approximately 29% reduction over the entire 0-25 dB SNR range, compared to conventional QRD-M in an 8 × 8 MIMO-OFDM system with 16-QAM modulation
Uroptychus babai Ahyong & Poore 2004
No full textUroptychus babai Ahyong & Poore, 2004 Figures 24-27, 305C Uroptychus babai Ahyong & Poore, 2004: 22, fig. 4. — Poore et al. 2011: 328, pl. 6: fig. D. Uroptychus granulatus — Baba 1990:923,fig. 9 (Not U. granulatus Benedict,1902). Not Uroptychus babai: Baba et al. 2009: 38, figs 30-31 (= U.parilis Cabezas, Lin & Chan,2012). TYPE MATERIAL — Holotype: Australia, E of Broken Bay, 33°31-34’S, 152°02-04’E, 905-914 m, male (AM P26782). [not examined]. MATERIAL EXAMINED — New Caledonia, Chesterfield Islands.MUSORSTOM 5 Stn CP324,21°15.01’S,157°51.33’E,970m,14.X.1986,1 ♀ 9.2 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16300), 1 ov. ♀ 9.4 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16301). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 2 Stn CP2181, 8°49.9’S, 159°39.8’E, 645-840 m, 22.X.2004, 1 ♂ 9.2 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16302). – Stn CP2189, 8°19.6’S, 160°01.9’E, 660-854 m, 23.X. 2004, 5 ♂ 6.8-11.8 mm, 1 ov. ♀ 13.0 mm, 4 ♀ 7.5-12.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16303). – Stn CP2193, 8°23.9’S, 159°26.6’E, 362-432 m, 24.XI.2004, 1 ♂ 7.8 mm, 1 ♀ 7.7 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16304). – Stn CP2241, 6°55.3’S, 156°21.2’E, 815-1000 m, 30.X.2004, 1 ♀ 9.0 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16305). – Stn CP2269, 7°45.1’S, 156°56.3’E, 768-890 m, 4.XI.2004,1 ♂ 5.2 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16306). – Stn CP2272, 8°56.2’S,157°44.1’E,380-537 m, 5.XI.2004,1 ♀ 11.3 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16307). – Stn CP2289,08°36’S, 157°28’E, 627-623 m, 07.XI.2004, 4 ♂ 3.1-5.2 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16308). – No station number, XI.2004, 1 ♂ 7.8 mm, 1 ♀ 3.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-16309). DISTRIBUTION„ Previously known from Madagascar, New South Wales, in 880-1152 m; and now from Chesterfield Islands and Solomon Islands, in 362-1000 m. SIZE„ Males, 3.1-11.8 mm; females, 3.5-13.0 mm, ovigerous females from 9.4 m. DESCRIPTION„ Large species. Body and appendages sparsely or thickly covered with fine setae (usually thick in large specimens). Carapace: Slightly broader than long (length 0.8-0.9 × breadth); greatest breadth 1.8 × distance between anterolateral spines. Dorsal surface granulose in large specimens, less so in small specimens, moderately convex from anterior to posterior, with very weak (in small specimens) or distinct (in large specimens) depression suggesting cervical groove, anteriorly smoothly continued on to rostrum. Lateral margins convex, with short, oblique granulate ridges: one at anterior end of branchial region well elevated, rarely representing tiny spine, another ridge behind posterior branchial region usually visible in dorsal view, and others discernible under high magnification; ridged along posterior half; anterolateral spine well developed, distinctly overreaching lateral orbital spine. Rostrum broad sharp triangular, with interior angle of 30-35°, somewhat upcurved distally; length 0.4-0.6 × that of remaining carapace (greater in small specimens than in large specimens), breadth less than half carapace breadth measured at posterior carapace margin; dorsal surface slightly concave. Lateral orbital spine small, occasionally reduced to acuminate angle, moderately remote from and slightly anterior to level of anterolateral spine. Pterygostomian flap with granulate short ridges or fine granules supporting setae on surface, anterior margin angular, produced to small sharp spine. Sternum: Excavated sternum with convex anterior margin between Mxp1, with low ridge in midline. Sternal plastron slightly broader than long, lateral extremities gently divergent posteriorly. Sternite 3 strongly depressed from level of sternite 4; anterior margin deeply or moderately emarginate in broad V-shape, without submedian spines; lateral margin with small spine near lateral end. Sternite 4 with anterolateral margin somewhat or moderately convex anteriorly, anterior end rounded, angular or produced to anteriorly directed spine falling short of anterior end of sternite 3; posterolateral margin 0.6-0.8 × length of anterolateral margin. Abdomen: Somite 1 with well-elevated, rounded transverse ridge. Somite 2 tergite 2.6-2.7 × broader than long, pleuron with concavely divergent lateral margin posteriorly ending in rounded corner. Pleuron of somite 3 tapering. Telson about half as long as broad; posterior plate emarginate on posterior margin, length 1.2-1.6 × that of anterior plate. Eye: Relatively small, 1.5-1.8 × longer than broad, terminating in or slightly overreaching midlength of rostrum; lateral and mesial margins subparallel. Cornea not dilated, length much more than half that of remaining eyestalk. Antennule and antenna: Ultimate article of antennular peduncle short relative to height in small specimens, long in large specimens (breadth-height ratio, 2.5-3.1 in specimens 3.2-7.6 mm, 4.5-4.9 in specimens 12.0- 12.8 mm). Antennal peduncle relatively slender. Article 2 with small lateral spine. Antennal scale 1.4-2.5 × broader than article 5, varying from slightly falling short of to terminating in distal end of article 5, rarely reaching proximal third segment of antennal flagellum. Distal 2 articles unarmed (in large specimens, each with very tiny tubercle-like ventral distomesial spine); article 5 1.6-2.1 × length of article 4; breadth 0.4-0.5 × height of ultimate antennular article. Flagellum consisting of 22-23 segments slightly falling short of or overreaching distal end of P 1 merus (13 or 14 segments overreaching distal end of P 1 merus in males 3.1-4.3 mm). Mxp: Mxp1 with bases broadly separated. Mxp3 basis without distinct denticles on mesial ridge. Ischium with 26-47 tiny denticles on crista dentata, flexor margin not rounded distally. Merus 2.4 × longer than ischium, unarmed, flexor ridge not cristate, moderately rounded. Carpus unarmed. P 1: 3.2-6.6 × longer than carapace (usually shorter in small specimens than in large specimens), relatively slender; with simple fine setae more numerous in large specimens. Ischium with basally broad dorsal spine, ventromesially unarmed. Merus granulate dorsally and ventrally, with 2 distoventral spines and 1 or 2 small, often obsolescent distodorsal spines; length 0.9-1.3 × that of carapace (shorter in small specimens 10 mm are usually very setose on the body and appendages. Small specimens <5.2 mm are very sparsely setose, as also are some of large specimens (male 9.2 mm, MNHN-IU-2014-16302; females 9.2 mm, MNHN- IU-2014-16300; ovigerous female 9.4 mm, MNHN-IU-2014-16301). The specimens as illustrated in Figures 25-26 look very much like U. parilis Cabezas, Lin & Chan, 2012. The holotype of U. parilis from Taiwan was first referred to U. babai by Baba et al. (2009) but subsequently described as new. Cabezas et al. (2012) noted that the major differences between the two species are found on the carapace lateral margin (almost smooth in U. parilis, crenulated in U. babai), thoracic sternite 4 (anterolaterally produced to a distinct spine in U. parilis, lacking spine in U. babai), and the antennal scale (falling short of to slightly overreaching the distal end of antennal article 5 in U. parilis, distinctly overreaching article 5 in U. babai). The present specimens seem to cover all these differences. Two distinct ridges visible in dorsal view on the lateral margin of the carapace are usually small in large specimens so as to be seen as smooth but discernible in all the specimens examined (Figure 24 A-E), as well as in the holotype of U. parilis illustrated in Baba et al. (2009: fig. 31a). Sternite 4 is also variable, even in several specimens from one sampling station (Figure 27F, G, H); the anterolateral spine as diagnosed for U. parilis is also present in some of the specimens examined as well as in one of the specimens of U. babai from Madagascar (MNHN-Ga 2234), although not so strong to reach the anterior end of sternite 3 as in the holotype of U. parilis (see Figure 27). The antennal scale varies from falling short of to overreaching the distal end of the antennal article 5 (Figure 24G, H). P 1 appears longer relative to the carapace in U. parilis, measuring 6 times longer than the carapace (Cabezas et al. 2012), whereas about 4 times as long in U. babai (Ahyong & Poore, 2004, fig. 4a). However, the present specimens (poc 3.1-13.0 mm) show a wide, age related variation in P 1-carapace length ratios: 3.3-4.8 in small specimens (3.2-5.2 mm), 5.0- 6.8 in large specimens (6.8-13.0 mm). An exceptional case is two large females (9.2, 9.4 mm) from the Chesterfield Islands (MNHN-IU-2014-16300 & MNHN-IU-2014-16301), which have ratios 4.5 and 4.7. P 1 in U. parilis looks much more slender than in U. babai, as illustrated by Cabezas et al. (2012: fig. 1A) and Ahyong & Poore (2004: fig. 4A). This difference appears to be sex-related, as usual in other species of Uroptychus. In the present material, the P 1 palm is 3.3- 6.9 (males), 4.0-9.2 (females) times longer than broad, the length-breadth ratio being greater in large specimens. However, the females from the Chesterfield Island the ratios are 4.0 and 4.3, whereas three females from SALOMON 2 Station CP2189 (MNHN-IU-2014-16303) of nearly the same size as the Chesterfield specimens show the ratios 8.7-9.2 and the largest female 5.6. The ratio is thus widely variable. In conclusion, the morphological differences noted by Cabezas et al. (2012) do not seem to be applicable especially to small specimens. The only definite difference resides on coloration: orange red overall including appendages in U. parilis versus reddish on the anterior part of the carapace, whitish on remaining carapace and abdomen in U. babai. Molecular data would clarify their systematic status.Published as part of Baba, Keiji, 2018, Chirostylidae of the Western and Central Pacific: Uroptychus and a new genus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), pp. 1-612 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 212 on pages 81-87, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.376097
Uroptychus babai Ahyong & Poore 2004, n. sp.
No full textUroptychus babai n. sp. (Fig. 4) Uroptychus granulatus.– Baba, 1990: 923, 943–944, fig. 9 [not U. granulatus Benedict, 1902]. Type material. HOLOTYPE: AM P26782, male (14.1 mm), E of Broken Bay, New South Wales, 33°31–34’S, 152°02–04’E, 905–914 m, demersal trawl, K772307, 6 Dec 1977. PARATYPES: AM P67834, 1 male (15.5 mm), 1 female (16.5 mm), off Newcastle, 32°49.3’S, 152°49.1’E, 951–1150 m, NZOI U223, RV Tangaroa, R. Springthorpe & W. Ponder, 10 Oct 1982; AM P53248, 1 male (18.2 mm), 1 female (15.4 mm), E of Broken Bay, New South Wales, 33°28–31’S, 152°12–14’E, 951–1006 m, demersal trawl, K8115 03, 3 Nov 1983; AM P65883, 2 ovigerous females (16.8–18.2 mm), E of Shoalhaven Bight, New South Wales, 34°54’S, 151°17’E, 1115–1152 m, K831802, 30 Nov 1983; NMV J17065, 1 male (13.0 mm), 1 female (17.3 mm), off Nowra, New South Wales, 35°00.00’S, 151°16.30’E, 1100 m, SLOPE 9, 5 m otter trawl, M. Gomon et al., 15 Jul 1986; AM P65832, 1 female (17.0 mm), E of Ulladulla, New South Wales, 35°27’S, 150°55’E, 987–1025 m, on crinoid Glyptometra inaequalis (AM J18867), K831402, 25 Oct 1983. Diagnosis. Carapace excluding rostrum slightly broader than long; lateral margins irregular, crenulate, distinctly convex, broadest posterior to midlength; with distinct, anteriorly directed anterolateral spine; posterior quarter with low ridge. Rostrum sharply triangular; dorsum unarmed. Sternite 3 anterior margin with broad Vshaped emargination. Basal antennal segment with distinct outer spine; ultimate and penultimate segments unarmed. Antennal scale extending beyond apex of ultimate peduncle segment. Pereopods 2–4 propodi not broadened distally, with 1 or 2 movable spines on lower distal margin; dactyli lined with 15–20 small, closeset, obliquely inclined spines on flexor margin, penultimate markedly broader than others. Description. Carapace: Slightly broader than length (excluding rostrum). Lateral margins irregular, crenulate, distinctly convex, broadest posterior to midlength; with distinct, anteriorly directed anterolateral spine; posterior quarter with low ridge. Rostrum sharply triangular, about half length of remaining carapace, margins unarmed; dorsum sparsely setose or naked. Outer orbital angle produced to triangular tooth, not extending beyond anterolateral spine. Dorsum carapace sparselysetose, unarmed. Pterygostomian flap with triangular anterior spine. Sternum: Plastron about as broad as long, slightly widening posteriorly. Sternite 3 (at base of maxilliped 3) not depressed, anterior margin with broad Vshaped emargination; outer lobes of emargination obtusely angled, flanked by short projection. Sternite 4 (at base of pereopod 1) with obtuse anterolateral margin, extending anteriorly to about midlength of emargination of sternite 3. Abdomen: Segments sparsely setose. Telson about half as long as broad; distal portion posteriorly emarginate, about 1.5 times length of proximal portion. Eye: Cornea not dilated, about onethird length of peduncle; not reaching to proximal half of rostrum. Antenna: Basal segment with distinct outer spine. Flagellum about twice as long as peduncle. Ultimate and penultimate segments unarmed; ultimate segment about twice length of penultimate segment. Antennal scale wider than opposite peduncular segments, extending beyond apex of ultimate peduncle segment. Maxilliped 3: Dactylus, propodus, carpus and merus unarmed. Crista dentata evenly serrate on proximal threequarters of ischium, not extending onto basis. Pereopod 1 (cheliped): Slender, rugose with setose scales, subcylindrical; about 3 times carapace length. Propodus with palm about 3.5 times as long as high, about twice as long as pollex. Fingers crossing, occlusal margins finely dentate; occlusal margin of dactylus with obtuse process proximally; occlusal margin of pollex with low prominence at midlength. Carpus longer than merus and as long as propodal palm. Ischium with triangular spine on outer margin. Pereopods 2–4: Setose, similar, becoming shorter distally. Carpi and meri unarmed. Propodi not broadened distally, with 1 or 2 movable spines on distal flexor margin. Dactyli lined with 15–20 small, closeset, obliquely inclined, fixed spines on flexor margin, penultimate markedly broader than others. Carpus of pereopods 2–3 about 0.4 merus and 0.5 propodus length; carpus of pereopod 4 about 0.5 merus length, about 0.4 propodus length. Ovum: 1.3 mm diameter. Etymology. Named for Keiji Baba, Kumamoto University, Japan, for his foundational work on the systematics of the Galatheidea. Remarks. Uroptychus babai n. sp. closely resembles U. granulatus Benedict, 1902, from the Galapagos Islands. The two species agree in almost all respects, but U. babai differs in having crenulate or irregular instead of spinose lateral carapace margins, the basal antennal segment bears a distinct outer spine, a short median notch is present in the anterior concavity of sternite 3 and the anterolateral angles of sternite 4 are bluntly rounded instead of acute. Baba (1990) reported and figured material identified as U. granulatus from Madagascar in which the lateral carapace margins are irregular or crenulate but not spinose as in the holotype from the Galapagos Islands. Based on Baba’s (1990) account, the specimens from Madagascar are referable to U. babai, and significantly extend the range of the species. Uroptychus babai also resembles U. bacillimanus Alcock & Anderson, 1899, and U. valdiviae Doflein & Balss, 1913, both from the eastern Indian Ocean, in the shape of the carapace, and limb proportions. Uropotychus babai is readily distinguished from U. bacillimanus in having welldeveloped instead of minute anterolateral spines on the carapace and in having the antennal scale longer instead of distinctly shorter than the antennal peduncle. The strong anterolateral spine and welldeveloped outer orbital spine of the carapace will readily distinguish U. babai from U. valdiviae. Of the regional Uroptychus species, U. babai resembles two New Zealand species, U. maori Borradaile, 1916, and U. tomentosus Baba, 1974, in carapace shape and overall habitus. Uroptychus babai is readily distinguished from U. tomentosus in the length of the antennal scale (longer than instead of shorter than the antennal peduncle) and in having a small triangular tooth instead of long falcate spine on the dorsal distal margin of the ischium of the cheliped. Uroptychus babai chiefly differs from U. maori in the length of the antennal scale (longer than instead of distinctly shorter than the antennal peduncle), in lacking an inner distal spine on the penultimate antennal peduncle segment, and in having 15–17 instead of 6 spines on the flexor margin of the dactyli of pereopods 2–4. Distribution. Southeastern Australia at depths between 905 and 1150 m, and Madagascar at 880–920 m (Baba, 1990).Published as part of Ahyong, Shane T. & Poore, Gary C. B., 2004, The Chirostylidae of southern Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 436 (1) on pages 22-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.436.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/502829
Leptomorphus babai Sasakawa
No full text3. Leptomorphus babai Sasakawa (Figures 2, 44, 93, 141, 150, 152) Leptomorphus babai Sasakawa, 1961: 187. Leptomorphus (Leptomorphus) babai: Matile, 1977: 144. References: Matile 1977: 144 (subgeneric placement); Matile, 1988: 234 (catalogue); Matsumoto and Sasakawa, 2006: 16 (type specimens). DIAGNOSIS: The only extant species of Leptomorphus with the following combination of characters: laterotergite and anepisternum brown; wing with pale brown apical wing spot reaching to wing tip, pale medial wing spot present (Fig. 44); male genitalia with gonostylus a single blunt taper (Fig. 93). This species can be distinguished from all other Palaearctic and Oriental species by the striped abdomen (Fig. 2) and/or the brown scutellum. DESCRIPTION: Male. (Fig. 2) Head: brown, sometimes with posterior margin yellow, circular in anterior view. Antenna with basal 2 flagellomeres yellow/light brown, brown apically; scape yellow, with light brown setae in single apical row extending from dorsum laterally into thick patch covering apicoventral process, basal third and entire medial surface bare, anterobasal patch of setulae present; pedicel yellow, with 1–2 large bristles, few setae on apicodorsal margin, none ventrally; flagellomere 1 with tapered base light brown remainder light brown; flagellomere 6 1.0X as long as broad. Clypeus yellow, dorsoventrally elongate oval; bristles on clypeus yellow, 4–6 strong bristles on ventral margin directed ventrally, remaining setae directed medioventrally, clypeus 2X as long as face. Face yellow; shape a just longer than wide triangle, bare. Frons light brown to brown; bare, frontal furrow running 3/4 distance from dorsal margin towards ventral margin, frontal cleft just anterior of median ocellus. Palpus yellow; segment 1 hidden behind eye, segments increasing in length, segment 5 subequal in length to segment 4 with even width from base to apex, segment 3 with apicolateral patch of fine yellow setae weakly encircled by strong dark setae. Labellum yellow. Eye with very few, short inter-ommatidial setulae scattered on surface. Occiput brown on anterior 1/2–2/3, remainder yellow with appressed, anteriorly directed setae. Ocelli with median slightly in front of laterals, space between ocelli less than diameter of laterals, lateral ocelli 2X their own diameter from eye margin, ocellar triangle dark brown/black with electric blue green specks. Thorax: Length 1.2 mm (1.19–1.27 mm, n = 2). Mostly brown, with anterolateral area yellow. Scutum dark brown with blue-green specks; surface of scutum bare; acrostichal setae absent; dorsocentral setae present as fine setae for most of length; double row of lateral setae present; patch of setae on scutum at wing base present. Scutellum dark brown; with 6 large bristles and many small bristles. Prescutum brown. Mediotergite brown with 8–10 bristles on posterolateral corners, absent. Laterotergite brown; anterior margin of laterotergite not reaching katepisternum. Anepimeron brown. Anepisternum brown. Katepisternum yellow. Antepronotum and proepisternum yellow. Margin of anterior and posterior spiracles yellow with yellow trichia. Metepisternum yellow. Anapleural suture with anterior portion slightly curved dorsally. Halter stem light brown, knob dark brown. Legs: principally yellow; hind femur with basal 1/3 and apex light brown; extreme anteroapical corner dark brown on all femora. Midfemur without apical spine-like process. Tibia with covering of yellow macrotrichia, foretibia without comb of short setae along length of anteroventral surface, tibial spurs light brown, foretibial spur length 2X apical thickness of foretibia, midtibia with faint, dorsal, bare patch of even thickness for 3/4 of its length, placed basally, shortest midtibial spur 0.75X length of longest, longest midtibial spur 4.5X apical thickness of midtibia, shortest hind tibial spur subequal to length of longest, longest hind tibial spur 5X apical thickness of hind tibia. Foreleg first tarsomere 1.5–1.6X length of foretibia. Wing (Fig. 44): Length 5.3 mm (5.1–5.4 mm, n = 2). Hyaline; apical macula light, reaching wing tip, extending faintly along posterior wing margin into apex of cell cua 1, cup, not joining with medial macula; medial macula light, extending from R 1 to just beyond fork of M 1 and M 2. Macrotrichia in all cells. Setae on basal posterior margin of wing (along base of cell a) alternating long, short. Calypter with a few short setae. Vein sc-r present, apical end joining R at 2X its own length prior to origin of Rs. R 4 absent. R 5 straight, slight posterior turn near tip. M 1 reaching apex before R 5, apices of M veins thinning towards wing margin. M 4 -CuA fork arising at same level as r-m. A 2 absent. Abdomen: Tergites principally dark brown, T2–6 with anterolateral yellow spots. Tergite 8 smaller than all other abdominal sclerites and ~15 bristles laterally, centre bare. Genitalia (Fig. 93): yellow. Sternite 9 not clearly visible. Tergite 9 longer than wide, rounded margins tapering into two short pointed lobes and shallow medial indentation. Gonocoxite placed basally on T9, medial margins almost touching near base due to triangular projection, a ventromedial lobe covering base of gonostylus, bearing gonostylus halfway to apex. Gonostylus a single broad-based lobe tapering towards rounded apex, gonocoxite III fused to dorsolateral margin. Aedeagus 2/3 length of gonocoxite, slightly tapering towards apex, apodemes 1/5 total length with small dorsally facing hook basally. Parameres a short, wide taper, apodemes ~4X length of parameres. Female. Unknown. Immatures. Unknown. BIOLOGY: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Japan (Fig. 141), 40 masl. DISCUSSION: As discussed below in the phylogeny section, the placement of Leptomorphus species in subgenera (Matile 1977) is not supported by our phylogenetic results. This species is therefore removed from the subgenus Leptomorphus and placed solely in the genus Leptomorphus. MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype: adult male, pointed, with wing in separate glass and paper mount, all on same pin, genitalia missing, labelled “[translucent paper] Kurokawa / Echigo, Japan / 2.VII.1955 / Col. Kintaro; [pink label] HOLOTYPE ♂ / KPU 0163/ Leptomorphus / babai/ SASAKAWA” [OMNH]. Paratype: labelled as for holotype except 7. VI.1955 (1♂, OMNH).Published as part of Borkent, Christopher J. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2012, Systematics and Phylogeny of Leptomorphus Curtis (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) 3549, pp. 1-117 in Zootaxa 3549 on pages 16-1
On the interplay between Babai and Černý’s conjectures
No full textMotivated by the Babai conjecture and the Černý conjecture, we study the reset thresholds of automata with the transition monoid equal to the full monoid of transformations of the state set. For automata with n states in this class, we prove that the reset thresholds are upperbounded by 2n2 -6n + 5 and can attain the value (Formula presented). In addition, we study diameters of the pair digraphs of permutation automata and construct n-state permutation automata with diameter (formula presented). © Springer International Publishing AG 2017
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