6,720 research outputs found
Thermochemical stability of IrO2 bottom electrodes in direct liquid injection metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films
No full textNEW ANALYTICAL POLYCRYSTALLINE-SILICON THIN-FILM TRANSISTOR MODEL FOR COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN AND PARAMETER EXTRACTION
No full textWe present a new analytical model for the current-voltage characteristics of polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs). We use an "effective medium" approach which treats a polycrystalline film with grain boundaries as a uniform effective medium with an effective mobility and density of states in the energy gap. The current-voltage characteristics and their derivatives with respect to terminal voltages are continuous for both the below and above threshold regimes. A new interpretation of the saturation voltage allows us to accurately describe the finite output conductance in saturation, and we also realistically describe the "kink" effect. Our model has only five parameters which are easily extractable from experimental data: ideality factor (eta), low-field mobility (mu-0), threshold voltage (V(T)), output conductance parameter (GAMMA), and kink parameter (V0). We calculate the current-voltage characteristics of n- and p-channel poly-Si TFTs with 5, 6, 10, 15, and 30-mu-m gate lengths and 50-mu-m gate width and obtain a good agreement between calculation and experiment. Our analytical model is suitable for automatic parameter extraction and has been used for computer aided design
An autonomous SRAM with on-chip sensors in an 80-nm double stacked cell technology
No full textAn active solution is proposed to overcome the uncertainty and fluctuation of the device parameters in nanotechnology SRAM. The proposed scheme is composed of sensing blocks, analysis blocks and control blocks. An on-chip timer, temperature sensor, substrate noise detector, and leakage current monitor are used to monitor internal status of chip during operation. From the sensed data, internal supply voltage, internal timing margin from decoding to sensing time, substrate noise from digital area, and low voltage level of wordline are controlled. A 512-kb test SRAM chip, fabricated with an 80-nm double stacked cell technology, shows that average power consumption is reduced by 9% and the standard deviation decreases by 58%
HIGH RESOLUTION FOURIER TRANSFORM EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF YH AND YD.
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona; Department of Chemistry, University of WaterlooThe electronic emission spectrum of YH and YD has been investigated in the 690 nm to 3 spectral region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The YH and YD bands were excited in an yttrium hollow cathode lamp operated with neon gas and a trace of of The observed bands have been classified into three different electronic transitions; and . The transition of YD could not be identified due to its very weak intensity. The rotational analysis of several bands of the transition (up to for YH and for YD) provides improved equilibrium vibrational and rotational constants for the ground state of YH and YD. The excited state is involved in several perturbations
QUANTUM-WELL DOPED P-CHANNEL ALGAAS/GAAS0.85SB0.15/GAAS HETEROSTRUCTURE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS
No full textWe report the first quantum-well doped p-channel AlGaAs/GaAs0.85Sb0.15/GaAs Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistor (HFET's) with 50-mu-m gate length and 400-mu-m gate width. Using a simple analytical model, we obtain accurate values of the low-field hole mobility, threshold voltage, parameters characterizing the gate leakage current, and the saturation currents and voltages. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data
Microseale metal patterning using photosensitive silver organometallic compounds
No full textWe report a simple method for realizing the direct lithographic patterning of metallic silver and its alloy from amorphous films of photosensitive silver organometallic compounds. In this process, ultraviolet (UV) light was used to selectively activate organometallic compounds, converting organometallic compounds to metallic states in illuminated regions. The photolysis process was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy and the products were analyzed by UV-visible light spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). A feature size of 5 mu m was demonstrated through the process
Involvement of adrenoceptors, dopamine receptors and AMPA receptors in antidepressant-like action of 7-O-ethylfangchinoline in mice
No full textAim: 7-O-ethylfangchinoline (YH-200) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline derivative. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant-like action and underlying mechanisms of YH-200 in mice. Methods: Mice were treated with YH-200 (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, ig) or tetrandrine (30 and 60 mg/kg, ig) before conducting forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), or open field test (OFT). Results: YH-200 (60 mg/kg) significantly decreased the immobility time in both FST and TST, and prolonged the latency to immobility in FST. YH-200 (60 mg/kg) was more potent than the natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine (60 mg/kg) in FST. Pretreatment with alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg/kg), beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (2 mg/kg), dopamine D-1/D-5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg), dopamine D-2/D-3 receptor antagonist haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) or AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX (10 mg/kg) prevented the antidepressant-like action of YH-200 (60 mg/kg) in FST. In contrast, pretreatment with alpha(2) adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1 mg/kg) augmented the antidepressant-like action of YH-200 (30 mg/kg) in FST. Chronic administration of YH-200 (30 and 60 mg/kg for 14 d) did not produce drug tolerance; instead its antidepressant-like action was strengthened. Chronic administration of YH-200 did not affect the body weight of mice compared to control mice. Conclusion: YH-200 exerts its antidepressant-like action in mice via acting at multi-targets, including alpha(1), alpha(2) and beta-adrenoceptors, D-1/D-5 and D-2 /D-3 receptors, as well as AMPA receptors.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81173031, 81202511, 81302746]SCI(E)PubMed中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)[email protected]
La doped SrTiO3 thin films on SrLaAlO4 (001) as transparent conductor
No full textTransparent conductors are essential for many optoelectronic applications, and economically viable replacement for the industry standard transparent conductor, indium tin oxide, is in dire need. Electronic structure calculations are performed to confirm that La doping in a band insulator SrTiO3 provides carriers in the conduction band without generating in-gap states and thus La doped SrTiO3 would retain good optical transparency. To realize the computational results, we synthesize La doped SrTiO3 in thin film form and characterize the films. It is demonstrated that 10% La doped SrTiO3 thin films on SrLaAlO4 (001) substrates are indeed transparent conductors with sheet resistance R-S similar to 60 Omega/square and 80% transmission in the visible wavelength range at room temperature. (C) 2013 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.open1145sciescopu
Labor Migration and Returns to Rural Education in China
No full textThis paper provides an answer to the following question: Why do empirical studies find low returns to schooling in rural China, and yet the schooling rates are high? I find that schooling played a significant role in raising the accessibility of urban formal employment to rural people in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the face of the government's restrictive policy on labor migration from rural to urban areas. The large urban-rural income difference provided a strong incentive for senior high school education. The theory also explains the drop in the senior high school attendance in the mid 1980s. Copyright 1997, Oxford University Press.
The Role of Migrant Networks in Labor Migration: The Case of China
No full textUsing recent household survey data from rural China, this article investigates determinants of labor migration, paying special attention to the role of migrant networks. Migrant networks are measured by the number of early migrants from the village, comprised of experienced migrants who continue their migratory activities and return migrants. Observations of early migrants are excluded from regression analyses to enable identification. Results show that experienced migrants have a positive and significant effect on subsequent migration, but return migrants do not. This implies that migrant networks are important, and their effects materialize through practical assistance in the process of migration. (JEL "J61", "O15", "Z13") Copyright 2003 Western Economic Association International.
- …
