1,721,639 research outputs found
Bizarre responses, rule detection and frontal lobe lesions
No full textSeventy-seven patients with different cerebral lesions were tested on a rule-detection task where the stimuli were designed in such a way as to minimize the activation of pre-existing schemata. Patients with lesions involving the frontal lobes were poorer at achieving set than patients with lesions elsewhere. Ln addition, the anteriorly-lesioned group showed a greater tendency to guess and were more likely to abandon a correct rule once it had been attained, but there were no differences between the groups in incidence of perseverative responses. Various plausible explanations of these results are examined, with the most favoured account suggesting that anterior patients show an exaggerated willingness to adopt bizarre hypotheses
Response suppression, initiation and strategy following frontal lobe lesions
No full textNinety-one patients with cerebral lesions were tested on a task involving two conditions. In the first condition (response initiation) subjects were read a sentence from which the last word was omitted and were required to give a word which completed the sentence reasonably. In the second condition (response suppression) subjects were asked to produce a word unrelated to the sentence. Patients with frontal lobe involvement showed longer response latencies in the first condition and produced more words which were related to the sentence in the second, in comparison to patients with lesions elsewhere. Moreover, in the second condition patients with frontal lobe lesions produced fewer words which showed the use of a strategy during response preparation. Performance on the initiation and suppression conditions was unrelated at the group or single case level. The relationships between response initiation, suppression and strategy use are discussed
Fractionnement du syndrome frontale
No full textIt is argued that the severity of the cognitive problems seen following frontal damage may reflect the number of different individual processes affected rather than just overall severity of impairment in one core process. A number of recent studies are described which seem to suggest that a fractionation of the frontal lobe syndrome may be possible. However the considerable methodological problems involved are discussed, and it is argued that approaches not commonly used in neuropsychology may be required
The relationship between prospective memory and retrospective memory: neuropsychological evidence
No full textM.A. Conway, Introduction: Models and Data. S.E. Gathercole, Models of Verbal Short-term Memory. G.D.A. Brown, Formal Models of Memory for Serial Order: A Review. J.A. Hampton, Psychological Representation of Concepts. D.R. Shanks, Representation of Categories and Concepts in Memory. A. Garnham, Representing Information in Mental Models. G.A. Radvansky, R.T. Zacks, The Retrieval of Situation-specific Information. S.J. Anderson, M.A. Conway, Representations of Autobiographical Memories. P.W. Burgess, T. Shallice, The Relationship between Prospective and Retrospective Memory: Neuropsychological Evidence. J. Foster, J. Ainsworth, P. Faratin, J. Shapiro, Implementing a Mathematical Model of Hippocampal Memory Function. T. Perfect, Memory Aging as Frontal Lobe Dysfunction. P.T. Smith, Constraint Satisfaction Models, and Their Relevance to Memory, Aging and Emotion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Does community care decrease length of stay and risk of rehospitalization in new patients with schizophrenic disorders? A comparative Groningen (The Netherlands), Victoria (Australia) and Verona (Italy) case register study
No full text- …
