69 research outputs found
The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) perspective on retractions
No full textPresented at the Retractions conference: keeping the pool clean: prevention and management of misconduct related retractions held on July 20-21, 2016 at Hilton Fort Collins in Fort Collins, Colorado.Shara Kabak serves as a Scientist-Investigator in the Division of Investigative Oversight in the Office of Research Integrity (ORI). As a Scientist-Investigator, she responds to allegations of research misconduct and performs oversight of investigations performed at Public Health Service (PHS) funded institutions. Prior to joining ORI, Dr. Kabak was an American Association for the Advancement Science (AAAS) policy fellow at NIH and a member of the Committee on Scientific Conduct and Ethics. She received her Ph.D. in Immunology from the University of Chicago and completed postdoctoral training in the Department of Genetics at the University of Pennsylvania.PowerPoint presentation given on Day 2: Thursday, July 21st, 2016.This conference was funded by the Office of Research Integrity, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, grant #ORIIR150014
Pesticide residues in table grapes and exposure assessment
No full textKabak, Bulent/0000-0001-7816-6308; Golge, Ozgur/0000-0001-5020-339XThis report describes levels of 172 pesticide residues in table grapes in Turkey. A total of 280 samples of table grapes were collected from supermarkets, bazaar, and greengrocer shops located in four provinces of Turkey from August to October 2016. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification ranged from 0.002 to 0.010 mg kg(-1). The validation data revealed good recoveries and good repeatability and reproducibility and fulfilled the other requirements of the European SANTE/11945/2015 Guideline. One or more pesticide residues were detected in 59.6% of the table grapes. The residues above the EU maximum residue levels were 20.4% of the samples. The most prevalent pesticide residues were azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, boscalid, and cyprodinil. Left-censored results (40.4% of the results) were substituted by lower bound, middle bound, and upper bound values. In the worst-case scenario, the hazard index (HI) was 3.37% for adults and 9.42% for children. Chiorpyrifos was the major contributor (65%) to HI
Aflatoxins in foodstuffs: Occurrence and risk assessment in Turkey
No full textThis study aims to determine dietary exposure to aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) and the sum of aflatoxins (AFT) for the Turkish population and assess the risks to human health related to aflatoxins. A total of 1473 results on five main food categories commercialised in Turkey in 2002-2019 were used in the risk assessment. In the adult population, the mean middle bound (MB) exposure levels were 0.433 ng kg(-1) b.w. per day for AFB(1) and 0.511 ng kg(-1) b.w. per day for AFT. The 95th percentile dietary exposure of AFB(1) and AFT was estimated at 1.19 and 1.29 ng kg(-1) b.w. per day, respectively. Pistachios (44.4 %) made the highest contribution to mean AFB(1) exposure in Turkish adults, followed by maize/maize flour (16.2 %), groundnuts (13.8 %), chilli (10.1 %), walnuts (4.9 %), hazelnuts (4.0 %), chocolate (3.9 %) and others (2.7 %). The margin of exposure (MOE) estimates for mean and 95th percentile exposures to AFB(1) are considerably lower than 10 000, which raises a potential health concern for Turkish adults
Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in cereals and cereal products from Turkey
No full textGolge, Ozgur/0000-0001-5020-339X; Kabak, Bulent/0000-0001-7816-6308This report describes concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in cereals and derived products collected in Turkey from 2015 to 2018. A total of 240 cereals and cereal products were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) and fluorescence (HPLC-FLD) detectors. The analytical method performance was satisfactory, with limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 46.90-72.30 mu g kg(-1), and 3.50-3.70 mu g kg(-1) for DON and ZEA, respectively. Thirteen wheat (58-1092 mu g kg(-1)), two maize (313-331 mu g kg(-1)), three barley (138-973 mu g kg(-1)), seven paddy rice (136-256 mu g kg(-1)), three wheat flour (92-151 mu g kg(-1)), two biscuits (31.2-71.3 mu g kg(-1)) and only one pasta (49.3 mu g kg(-1)) contained DON, but levels were below the EU maximum level (ML). DON was not detected in bulgur and wheat bread. ZEA was found in two wheat, three maize, eleven paddy rice and two wheat flour with a mean middle bound ZEA level of 1.34, 28.0, 42.9, and 2.66 mu g kg(-1), respectively. Amongst the samples contaminated with ZEA, only one paddy rice exceeded EU ML of 100 mu g kg(-1). However, barley, bulgur, wheat bread, pasta and biscuit products did not contain ZEA
Health risk assessment of selected pesticide residues in green pepper and cucumber
No full textGolge, Ozgur/0000-0001-5020-339X; Kabak, Bulent/0000-0001-7816-6308This report describes levels of 170 pesticide residues in green pepper and cucumber marketed in Turkey. The report also comprises the outcome of the consumer risk assessment of selected pesticides. In total, 725 samples of vegetables were analysed for residues of 170 distinct pesticides by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The in-house validation data fulfilled the requirements of the European SANTE/11945/2015 Guideline. The limit of quantifications (LOQs) varied from 0.003 to 0.016 mg kg-1. Recoveries ranged between 80.5 and 118.2%, with inter-day precisions of 0.7-19% relative standard deviation (RSD). The expanded measurement uncertainty for individual pesticides ranged from 10.4 to 42.4%. Overall, 12.9% of green peppers and 13.5% of cucumbers contained at least one detectable residue, but the levels were below the EU legal limits. For adults, the Hazard Quotients (HQs) for identified pesticides in green peppers and cucumbers ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0143%, and from 0.0001 to 0.0103%, respectively. Propamocarb and chlorpyrifos were the major contributors to hazard index (HI) for green pepper and cucumber, respectively. The results showed that there is no reason to be concerned about cumulative exposure to residues from green pepper and cucumbers for Turkish population
Assessment of implication of competitiveness on human development of countries through data envelopment analysis and cluster analysis
No full textFüsun Ülengin (Dogus Author) -- Özgür Kabak (Dogus Author) -- Şule Önsel (Dogus Author) -- Emel Aktaş (Dogus Author)Globalization speeds up competition among nations in various sectors. In terms of multinational and transnational phenomena, countries are seen as inescapable from competition, thus the linking of the term global with "competitiveness." The research described here explores the relationship between the competitiveness of a country and its implications for human development. For this purpose, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and cluster analysis, 44 selected countries were evaluated. An output-oriented super-efficiency model where global competitiveness indicators are taken as input variables with human development indicators as output variables is utilized. Then cluster analysis depending on the competitiveness and human development indicators is conducted by using self-organizing maps to specify the development levels of the countries. Both analyses are repeated for years between 2005 and 2007. Finally, the relationship between the super efficiency scores and the development levels is analyzed
Prevention and Management of Mycotoxins in Food and Feed
No full textThe contamination of food and animal feeds with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem, while mycotoxins occur more frequently under tropical conditions as a result of environmental conditions in the field coupled with improper harvesting and bad storage. The FAO has estimated that up to 25% of the world's food crops are significantly contaminated with mycotoxins. The global volume of agricultural products such as maize, groundnuts, copra, palm nuts and oilseed cake, which are high-risk commodities, is about 100 million tonnes - 20 million tonnes of which come from the developing countries (FAO 1996). Several management strategies have been developed to help prevent the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as to decontaminate and/or detoxify mycotoxin contaminated foods and animal feeds (Bata and Lásztity 1999). These strategies include Prevention of mycotoxin contamination at pre-harvest, during harvesting and in the post-harvest stage Decontamination/detoxification of mycotoxins present in food and feed Inhibition of mycotoxin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in retail cereal products from Turkey by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
No full textIn this study, a total of 110 retail cereal products from Turkey were analysed for aflatoxins (AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1) and AFG(2)) and ochratoxin A (OTA). The mycotoxins were determined by liquid-solid extraction, immunoaffinity column clean-up and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). Recoveries (83.9-92%) and both intra-day and inter-day repeatability (RSD < 12) of the method, meet the performance criteria set by EC regulation No. 401/2006 for the determination of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. OTA was the most prevalent toxin, with an incidence of 43.6% (range = 0.066-1.125 mu g kg(-1)), but at levels below the European legislation limit of 3 mu g kg(-1). Aflatoxins were found in 27 of 110 analysed samples: twenty-seven samples with AFB(1), fourteen samples with AFB(2), seven samples with AFG(1) and two samples with AFG(2). The ranges for positive samples were 0.052 -0.233 mu g AFB(1) kg(-1), 0.022-0.044 mu g AFB(2) kg(-1), 0.053-0.149 mu g AFG(1) kg(-1) and 0.033-0.037 mu g AFG(2) kg(-1). The co-occurrence of AFB(1) and OTA was observed in 14.6% of the samples. This is the first study concerning the simultaneous occurrence of aflatoxins and OTA in retail cereal products from Turkey. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Aflatoxin M-1 and ochratoxin A in baby formulae in Turkey: Occurrence and safety evaluation
No full textDuring 2011, 62 samples of baby formulae were checked for aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) and ochratoxin A (OTA) by immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the analytical method were 0.005 mu g kg(-1) and 0.018 mu g kg(-1) for AFM(1) and 0.006 mu g kg(-1) and 0.021 mu g kg(-1) for OTA, respectively. The recovery of AFM(1) from formulae ranged between 84.27% and 88.21% (RSD = 3.54-6.18%), while the mean recoveries of OTA varied from 79.21% to 86.38% (RSD = 4.47-7.11%)
Analyzing competitiveness of automotive industry through cumulative belief degrees
No full textÜlengin, Füsun (Dogus Author) -- Önsel, Şule (Dogus Author) -- Kabak, Özgür (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: 10th International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies inNuclear Science Conference, FLINS 2012; Istanbul; Turkey; 26 August 2012 through 29 August 2012This study aims to analyze the automotive industry from competitiveness perspective using a novel cumulative belief degrees (CBD) approach. For this purpose, a mathematical model based on CBD is proposed to quantify the relations among the variables in a system. This model is used to analyze the Turkish Automotive Industry through scenario analysis.SEDEFED (Federation of Industrial Associations), REF (TÜSİAD Sabanci University Competitiveness Forum), and OSD (Automotive Manufacturers Association
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