1,721,020 research outputs found
Erythropoietin in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Answer Will Come Soon
No full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is estimated that each year TBIs are associated with 1.1 million emergency department visits, 235,000 hospitalizations, and 50,000 deaths (1). Despite improvements in medical interventions, there are still no neuroprotective agents available to counteract secondary or delayed damage to the traumatically injured human brain or to promote its repair. TBI encompasses heterogeneous etiologic, anatomical, and molecular patterns of injury that exhibit different propensities to cause cerebral damage. Without careful consideration of individual injuries, the results of therapeutic trials remain difficult to interpret
The role of erythropoietin in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: From bench to bedside
No full textSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by a ruptured aneurysm accounts for only 5% of strokes, but occurs at a fairly young age and carries a poor prognosis. Delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is an important cause of death and dependence after aneurysmal SAH. The current mainstay of preventing DCI is nimodipine and maintenance of normovolemia, but even with this strategy DCI occurs in a considerable proportion of patients. Several drugs have been developed that have the potential to limit cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischaemic neurologic defi cit, thus improving outcome for patients. However, although numerous agents can prevent arterial narrowing and/or block the excitatory cascade of events leading to ischaemic neuronal death in experimental conditions, there is still no pharmacologic agent that has been shown conclusively to improve the outcome in clinical practice. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a well-known erythropoietic hormone recently found to exert neuroprotective properties and has been shown to reduce cerebral vasospasm and infarct volume after experimental SAH. In humans, although EPO treatment did not impact the overall incidence of vasospasm, it signifi cantly reduced the incidence of severe vasospasm, the incidence of delayed ischaemic defi cits with new cerebral infarcts, and the duration of impaired autoregulation. The current study provides new evidence for the potential benefi t and relative safety of EPO for the treatment of SAH in humans. Future clinical trials will hopefully provide defi nite evidence whether EPO treatment is benefi cial in SAH patients
L’equilibrio acido-base. Due interpretazioni per una rapida diagnosi
No full textSoftware per l'interpretazione dell'equilibrio acido-bas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Proteinuric effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with Stage 3-4 CKD.
No full textBackgroundMany authors have investigated the numerous connections between the nervous system and kidneys, and recent literature has indicated that these similar systems are interconnected. Recent scientific works have shown that there is similarity between the cerebral cortex 'viscera representation' and the 'motor omunculus'. We studied the connection between the brain and kidney in vivo using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Proteinuria and albuminuria were used as markers of renal response in patients with diabetes (DP) and in a group of healthy subjects (HSs) who received rTMS for 5 consecutive days.MethodsThe study population consists of the following four groups: Group A (HS stimulated), Group B (HS sham), Group C (DP stimulated) and Group D (DP sham). All subjects in Groups A and C underwent rTMS delivered at a frequency corresponding to 90% of the threshold at rest for 5 consecutive days. All subjects in Groups B and D underwent rTMS delivered with the coil placed on the scalp without delivering electromagnetic stimuli, while another coil at a distance of ∼2 m emitted stimuli at a very low intensity. This strategy ensured that brain stimulation would not occur, so that the subjects felt the vibrations produced by the click of the TMS coil. The proteinuria and albuminuria of 24 h and creatinine clearance were measured at time 0 (T0), after the first session (T1), at the end of the treatment (T5) and 24 h after the last stimulation (Post 24 h).ResultsIn Group A, there was a statistically significant increase in albuminuria (5.65 ± 0.52 versus 12 ± 0.55 mg/24 h, P = 0.0001) and proteinuria (6.05 ± 0.48 versus 13.1 ± 0.60 mg/24 h, P = 0.0001) at the end of the treatment (T5) compared with the baseline values (T0). In Group C, the albuminuria was statistically higher at T5 than the baseline T0 (416.22 ± 181 versus 677.25 ± 280 mg/24 h, P = 0.04), as was proteinuria (561.37 ± 86 versus 865.125 ± 104 mg/24 h, P = 0.0001); in Group C, the increase in albuminuria (T0 versus post 24 h, P = 0.02) and proteinuria (T0 versus 24 h post, P = 0.0002) persisted at 24 h post. In Groups B and D, statistically significant changes were not found in proteinuria (Group B T0 versus T5, P = 0.61; Group D: T0 versus T5, P = 0.66) and albuminuria (Group B T0 versus T5, P = 0.15; Group D T0 versus T5, P = 0.44) measured at the same times.ConclusionsConsecutive rTMS is able to induce a statistically significant increase in albuminuria and proteinuria in HS and DP. A functional link between the brain and kidney is possible. For the first time, the results have indicated an increase of proteinuria in subjects undergoing transcranial stimulation. © 2013 © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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