1,721,011 research outputs found
Sport habits, weight status and skinfolds in 12-13 years old children: case study in Bologna.
No full textWeight gain could be related to excessive energy intake and low calories consumption as a result of reduced physical activity and unhealthy lifestyles.
The increased trend toward adiposity among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean region places them at a high risk of adult obesity and its consequences in terms of chronic diseases later in life.
The purpose of this study is to analyze, under several points of view, weight status and sport habits of children from Bologna, aged twelve and thirteen years old.
The selected subjects are 419 children attending secondary school of Bologna (202 Males and 217 Females, aged between 11,5 years and 13,5 ).
Anthropometric variables measureded are numerous, but in the present study we considered only weight , height, BMI (Body Mass Index) and 7 types of skinfolds: biceps, triceps, subscapularis, supraspinal, suprailiac, medial calf, lateral calf.
Body composition has been derived from skinfold using the prediction equations of Slaughter et al (1988).
Approach to sport habits has been determined through interview to each child, the questions asked them are related to practiced sport activities outside school and kind of sport.
Data processing was performed by using “STATISTICA” software.
We decided to correlate approach to sport and weight status, calculated with two different methodologies: Cole’s cut offs and percentages of body fat, derived by Slaughter’s equations.
The results of this study provide an interesting profile about weight status and sport skills of adolescents aged 12 and 13 years old. The evaluation of the collected data demonstrated interesting correlations between physical activity, skinfolds and children’s weight status
Body fat distribution in Italian, Spanish and Estonian children
No full textObesity, and especially abdominal obesity, is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Many disturbances related to abdominal obesity show their onset in the childhood years. Thus, during these years, it’s important to properly monitor body fat and its distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the fat patterning in Italian, Estonian and Spanish schoolchildren. The sample consisted of 2024 children (1005 boys and 1019 girls) aged 6 to 11 years. Anthropometric measurements included triceps, biceps, subscapular, supraspinal, suprailiac, thigh, medial and lateral calf skinfold thicknesses, height and humerus width. Two indices of central adiposity and frame index were calculated. Italian children of both sexes showed higher values of skinfold thicknesses than Estonian and Spanish children, while Spanish children showed overall higher values of central adiposity indexes, followed by Italian children. On the contrary, Estonian children showed higher values of the frame index and lower central adiposity. From a public health perspective, a priority will be the development of programs aiming to prevent obesity, in particular when a central pattern of fat distribution emerges during childhood
Attività fisica e composizione corporea in bambini Italiani ed Estoni (6-10 anni)
No full textLo sport durante l’infanzia rappresenta uno dei fattori essenziali per un normale processo di accrescimento e di maturazione biologica. In particolare, secondo Malina (2002), una regolare attività fisica ha un’importante funzione di controllo su peso corporeo e massa grassa. L’attività fisica infatti è il fattore maggiormente coinvolto nel dispendio energetico dell’organismo. A partire da tali presupposti abbiamo effettuato un confronto antropometrico tra bambini italiani (352 maschi; 360 femmine) ed estoni (215 maschi; 245 femmine) di età compresa tra i 6 e i 10 anni al fine di verificare l’eventuale presenza di una relazione tra attività motoria extrascolastica, intensità di esercizio fisico e indicatori di composizione corporea nei due campioni. Vengono qui considerati i dati relativi all’attività sportiva extrascolastica (ore di allenamento settimanale) e di tipologia di sport e allo sviluppo della massa grassa sulla base delle sommatorie delle pliche degli arti (bicipite, tricipite, coscia, polpaccio mediale e laterale), delle pliche del tronco (sottoscapolare, soprailiaca, sopraspinale), delle pliche di arti e tronco e del Centripetal Fat Ratio (CFR) (pannicolo sottoscapolare/pannicolo sottoscapolare + pannicolo al tricipite) proposto dal Camerun per valutare il modello di distribuzione del grasso. Si osserva come, sia a Cento che a Tartu la frequenza dei bambini che praticano sport aumenta generalmente con l’età, anche se più irregolarmente nei secondi. In entrambi i gruppi arti marziali, calcio, nuoto e danza sono gli sport più praticati. L’intensità della pratica sportiva extrascolastica , in termini di ore di attività settimanali, risulta significativamente maggiore nei soggetti Estoni rispetto a quelli Italiani. Tale differenza sembra influenzare sia la quantità che la distribuzione di tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo nei due campioni. Nei bambini Italiani infatti, oltre a valori significativamente superiori di grasso, emerge anche una maggior tendenza all’ accumulo dello stesso a livello del tronco. Il trend dei valori medi relativi alla somma dei pannicoli adiposi e alla CFR, si presenta, sia nei maschi che nelle femmine di entrambi i campioni, coerente con i modelli di accrescimento riportati in letteratura riguardo ai soggetti in età pre-puberale . Anche nel nostro campione infatti l’andamento della somma dei pannicoli è tendenzialmente in aumento, mentre l’indice di distribuzione del tessuto adiposo (CFR) mostra valori piuttosto costanti attraverso le età anche se non si può ignorare un trend di leggera crescita tra le medie delle bambine estoni. Degno di nota è il diverso modello di distribuzione del grasso presente in entrambi i sessi, ma particolarmente evidente nelle ragazze, con un accumulo maggiore negli arti inferiori delle italiane. Poiché in entrambi i campioni gli sport più praticati sono quelli che richiedono un notevole uso degli arti inferiori, questa distribuzione dei pannicoli può forse attribuirsi all’intensità dell’attività extrascolastica. Va comunque anche ricordato che anche l’attività motoria svolta in orario scolastico è nettamente superiore tra gli Estoni .
Per un’approfondita comprensione delle differenze antropometriche tra i due campioni non possono poi essere escluse anche predisposizione genetica e abitudini alimentari delle due popolazioni. Comunque le relazioni studiate in questa prima analisi supportano l’ipotesi già suggerita in letteratura di una forte influenza dell’attività fisica praticata anche a livello non agonistico sulla composizione corporea dei bambini
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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