1,720,983 research outputs found
Proprietà sensoriali del caciocavallo Silano prodotto con differenti colture starter
No full textI formaggi a pasta filata sono in genere prodotti mediante l'uso di colture starter artigianali o selezionate; quelli a breve stagionatura, tuttavia, presentano un profilo sensoriale insoddisfacente. Al fine di promuovere l’evoluzione del profilo sensoriale di questi prodotti, il presente lavoro ha inteso valutare le proprietà sensoriali del formaggio Silano in funzione di due diverse colture starter, Tradizionale (ST: colture ad inoculo diretto di S. thermophilus) e Innovativo (ST+A: S. thermophilus con uno starter aggiuntivo per accelerare il processo di maturazione), e di due tempi di stagionatura (15d vs 30d). L’analisi qualitativa descrittiva (QDA) è stata condotta nel corso di 3 repliche, impiegando 11 panellisti, opportunamente addestrati mentre il Consumer test ha coinvolto 80 consumatori che hanno valutato solo i formaggi stagionati a 15d. Il tipo di Starter ha prodotto differenze significative su alcuni attributi relativi all’aspetto, poichè i formaggi ST+A hanno presentato un colore più uniforme (P<0,05) ma meno intenso (P<0,001). Il flavour di burro (P<0,05) e di latte (P<0,10) sono risultati più intensi nei Silani ST, caratterizzati anche da una maggiore adesività (P<0,05) ed oleosità (P<0,01). L’aumento del tempo di stagionatura ha indotto la riduzione del flavour di burro (P<0,05), della tenerezza (P<0,05) e dell’oleosità (P<0,05), mentre il flavour di panna (P<0,001), il gusto dolce (P<0,05), l’amaro (P<0,001), l’umami (P<0,05) e la granulosità (P<0,01) sono aumentati. Entro il prodotto tradizionale, il passaggio da 15 a 30d di stagionaltura ha determinato differenze solo in termini di flavour di panna (P<0,01), gusto amaro (P<0,01) e granulosità (P<0,01). Viceversa, il prodotto innovativo ha evidenziato variazioni nel flavour di burro (P<0,05) e di panna (P<0,001), nel gusto dolce (P<0,05), umami (P<0,001) e amaro (P<0,01) e nella consistenza oleosa (P<0,05). Tali risultati indicano che la presenza di uno starter aggiuntivo consente un’evoluzione più accentuata del profilo sensoriale dei caciocavalli Silani. Malgrado l’accettabilità sia risultata al di sopra del valore neutro di 5, i consumatori non hanno espresso un livello di gradevolezza differente in funzione del tipo di starter impiegato. Pertanto, uno studio delle relazioni fra i dati di preferenza e i dati sensoriali si rende necessario per verificare le esigenze di segmenti di mercato caratterizzati da preferenze diverse
Effect of Heat Waves on Some Italian Brown Swiss Dairy Cows' Production Patterns
Full text linkClimate change is impacting worldwide efficiency and welfare standards in livestock
production systems. Considering the sensibility to heat stress reported for different milk
production patterns in Italian Brown Swiss, this study aims to evaluate the effect of
heat waves (HWs)of different lengths on some milk production traits (fat-corrected milk,
energy-corrected milk, protein and fat yield, protein percentage, cheese production at
24 h, and cheese yield). A 10-year dataset (2009–2018), containing 202,776 test-day
records from 23,296 Brown Swiss cows, was used. The dataset was merged both with
the daily maximum temperature–humidity index (THI) recorded by weather stations and
with the daily maximum THI threshold for each trait in Italian Brown Swiss cows. The
study considered 4 different HWs according to their length: 2, 3, 4, and 5 consecutive
days before the test-day over the weighted THI threshold. Milk production traits were
determined as the difference in losses compared to those after only 1 day before the
test-day over the weighted maximum THI. All traits showed to be affected by HWs.
Particularly, protein percentage losses increased from −0.047% to −0.070% after 2
consecutive days over the daily THI threshold, reaching −0.10% to −0.14% after 5 days
(p < 0.01), showing a worsening trend with the increasing length of HWs. First parity cows
showed to be more sensitive to HWs than other parity classes, recording greater losses
after shorter HWs, compared to multiparous cows, for protein yield and, consequently,
for cheese production at 24 h. This suggests a less efficient metabolic response to heat
stress and exposure time in primiparous, compared to multiparous cows, probably due
to their incomplete growth process that overlaps milk production, making it more difficult
for them to dissipate heat. Although actions to mitigate heat stress are always needed in
livestock, this study points out that often time exposure to warm periods worsens milk
production traits in Brown Swiss cows
GENETIC EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN MURGESE HORSE
No full textMurgese horses can be used for many purposes: dressage, therapeutic and educational aids, equine tourism, mounted police, etc.. This study aims to assess the hereditability of morphological and temperamental traits to be included in future genetic selection programmes. A database concerning 711 males and females Murgese subjects, born from 1927 to 2013, and their morphological traits (height at withers, chest girth, and cannon bone circumference) assessed at 3 years of age was used. In addition, for 103 out of 711 animals, a questionnaire on temperament with 15 items was submitted to 11 caretakers and owners. The respondents rated each item on a 9-point scale labeled at the left end with “attribute absent” (score=1), at the right end with “attribute very strong” (score=9). Data were analysed using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology applied to a multiple-traits animal model. A VCE software was used. The fixed effects were: sex, year of birth and caretaker; the inbreeding coefficient was estimated with SAS proc inbreed and used as covariate (SAS, 2007); random effects were the animal and the residual error. The mean inbreeding coefficient of our sample (animals born from 2010 to 2013) was 6.3±2.42% and 7.51±1.13% for males and females, respectively. Hereditability ranged from 0.24 to 0.38, and was highest for concentration (0.35), trainability (0.36) and consistent emotionality (0.38). Morphological traits were not significantly correlated with temperamental traits. However, significant and positive correlations were found between chest girth vs cannon bone circumference (0.60; P<0.001), and between height at withers vs chest girth and cannon bone circumference (0.54 and 0.48, respectively; P<0.001). Genetic correlations between temperamental traits were all positive although they were moderate (with value under 0.42). In particular, friendliness towards people, low reactivity to noise, responsiveness to commands, ease of gate entrance were positively correlated with learning ability (0.27, 0.25, 0.35, 0.30, respectively). Concentration was positively correlated with responsiveness to commands (0.36), friendliness towards people (0.28), trainability (0.29), learning ability (0.42) and consistent emotionality (0.40). The high heritability values observed in this study suggest that temperamental traits could be used as selection targets to specialize the animals according to different breeding purposes
Effect of Pinus taeda Hydrolyzed Lignin on Biochemical Profile, Oxidative Status, and Semen Quality of Healthy Dogs
Full text linkSub-fertility represents a frequent challenge in canine reproduction. The use of micronutrients and/or additives was investigated as an approach to improve sperm quality, which are the main constraints on reproduction in canine species. Although some information is available about the effect of daily supplementation with substances presenting antioxidant/antioxidative activity on semen quality, this study aimed to observe the effect of a polyphenolic mix of substances derived from hydroxylation of Pinus taeda lignin (PTHL). For the trial, 40 male dogs were involved, 20 received PTHL for 90 days and 20 were left untreated, serving as a control group. Every 30 days, blood and semen samples were collected and analyzed. The biochemical profile of both groups was not affected by treatment and time (p > 0.05). Differently, dogs that received PTHL showed higher blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (p < 0.01). Moreover, the dietary addition of PTHL can significantly increase the semen volume, concentration, and spermatozoa motility (p < 0.01) in healthy dogs. PTHL supplementation represents a good way to enhance the semen quality of dogs and improve the antioxidant status of animals
The effect of oral or respiratory exposure to limonene on goat kid performance and meat quality
Full text linkPasture contains a lot of terpenes, able to pass throughout oral assumption and inhalation into meat. The aim of this paper was to verify if limonene accumulates in meat after oral or respiratory exposure and to assess its effects on animal oxidative status and meat quality. Thirty-six goat kids were involved and assigned for 1 week to three treatment groups: control group (CG); an oral group (OG), where limonene was administered directly into the mouth (drenched); and a respiratory group (RG), in which limonene was administered via inhalation. The meat limonene concentration for the OG was the highest (P < 0.01), although RG showed the highest rate of transfer (P < 0.001). Limonene gives the possibility to delay lipid oxidative processes, reducing discoloration and rancidity in meat. However, the respiration route seems to be able to guarantee a greater limonene transfer into meat compared to the oral one
The Hidden Costs of Livestock Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Podolian Cattle
Full text linkLife cycle assessment (LCA) is currently one of the most widely used methods for assessing the environmental impacts and performance of livestock products. According to this procedure, intensification of animal production is generally advocated to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions compared with extensive grazing systems due to the use of selected breeds, with enhanced productivity, and the significant reductions in CH4 emissions consequent to the use of concentrates rather than forages. In addition, the impact of intensive systems on land use is much lower. However, free-ranging Podolian cattle show a number of positive environ- mental effects, such as increased climate stability, improved soil functionality, water quality and footprint and preservation from fires along with maintaining an economically active social community in otherwise unproductive, marginal areas. Other beneficial effects of extensive Podolian farming system include low compe- tition with human nutrition and high level of animal health and welfare. An economic evaluation of these non-commodity outputs should be indirectly esti- mated by the avoided costs (e.g. reduced veterinary interventions and therapy treatments) or the lack of profits (e.g. direct payments for the enhancement of environmental performance) that would have incurred in their absence. These economic evaluations should be used in order to allocate them as further outputs to be included in the LCA in order to achieve a more accurate estimation of the impact of the Podolian farming system
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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