1,720,963 research outputs found
HPV vaccines: State of the art
No full textCervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide and is frequent in relatively young women. In the last decades, its incidence has decreased following the implementation of screening programs, mainly in developed countries. Cervical screening programs, while successful if properly carried out, are difficult and expensive to implement, especially in developing countries. Advances in the understanding of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer have led to the development and evaluation of two prophylactic HPV vaccines. Vaccination against the HPV, which is the major cause of cervical cancer, is a significant step forward. This review article provides a summary of the most recent studies related with the development and efficacy of the two HPV vaccines
Conservative treatment of early endometrial cancer
No full textEndometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract in Europe and in the United States. Endometrial cancer has increased 21% in incidence since 2008, and the death rate has increased more than 100% over the past two decades. Approximately 15% of patients with endometrial cancer are premenopausal. The aim of this review is to discuss the conservative management of endometrial cancer. A number of studies largely support the conservative treatment of endometrial carcinoma in women desiring future fertility. We focus on the role of progestin hormonal therapy, including the risks associated with non-standard care, appropriate candidate selection, expected outcomes, various progestin agents and recommended follow-up. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Prognostic value of pelvic lymphadenectomy in surgical treatment of apparent stage I endometrial cancer.
No full textBACKGROUND: The role of pelvic lymphadenectomy in early endometrial carcinoma is still being debated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 131 patients with FIGO stage I endometrial cancer undergoing surgery without (Group 1) or with (Group 2) pelvic lymphadenectomy. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses were used to calculate crude and adjusted survival rates. Moreover, the overlap of pre- and post-surgical staging was analyzed. RESULTS: Overall survival rate at 5 years was 90.1%. The difference in crude survival rates of the two groups is not statistically significant (p-value= 0.3777, log rank test). Five patients of Group 2 presented positive pelvic nodes. Therefore our results showed a pre-surgical understaging, referring to nodal involvement, in 9.1% of cases (5/55). CONCLUSION: Pelvic lymphadenectomy is a useful procedure for prognostic and staging purposes, but does not improve survival in FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cervical cancer in pregnancy: Analysis of the literature and innovative approaches
No full textCervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy although, fortunately, it is a rare event. In majority of cases, the management of cervical cancer in pregnant women is not different from nonpregnant women and prognosis seems not compromised by pregnancy. The association between cancer and pregnancy appears to be a significant challenge for women and specialists and the decisions about therapy must be individualized and taken by a multidisciplinary team. This review is focused on cervical cancer in pregnancy. The aim is to discuss the diagnosis, potential biomarkers and molecular aspects, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis from intraepithelial cervical neoplasia to invasive cervical cancer (early and advanced stages) in different gestational ages. We provide an overview of the current literature regarding the treatment strategies of concurrent pregnancy and cervical cancer cases and we propose some clinical advices to help clinicians to manage this condition. A mention about the effects of the conservative therapy (as conization) on fertility, the human papillomavirus vaccine in pregnant women and our center's experience with obstetrical and oncological outcomes are reported
- …
