1,720,992 research outputs found
Method And Relative Test Structure For Measuring The Coupling Capacitance Between Two Interconnect Lines
No full textA method and a relative test structure for measuring the coupling capacitance between two interconnect lines exploits the so-called cross-talk effect and keeps an interconnect line at a constant reference voltage. This approach addresses the problem of short-circuit currents that affect known test structures, and allows a direct measurement of the coupling capacitance between the two interconnect lines. Capacitance measurements may also be used for determining points of interruption of interconnect lines. When a line is interrupted, the measured coupling capacitance is the capacitance of a single conducting branch. The position of points of interruption of an interconnect line is determined by measuring the coupling capacitance of all segments of the line with a second conducting line
Charge-based on-chip measurement technique for the selective extraction of cross-coupling capacitances
No full textWe present a simple test structure (derived from the CBCM technique proposed by Sylvester et al.) that enables the selective extraction of cross-coupling capacitance between arbitrary on-chip interconnects. We discuss the silicon implementation on a 0.18um CMOS process and report preliminary experimental result
Crosstalk-Based Capacitance Measurements: Theory and Applications
No full textGeometry scaling increases the relative effect of coupling capacitances on performance, power, and noise so that they need to be carefully taken into account during process development, characterization, and monitoring. In the last decade, charge-based capacitance measurements (CBCMs) have been widely used to estimate on-chip wiring and coupling capacitances because of their accuracy and simplicity. We provide a thorough theoretical and experimental study of CBCMs applied to the selective extraction of cross-coupling capacitances. We take a historical perspective starting from the original CBCM approach proposed by Chen in 1996, and we present a new technique for crosstalk-based capacitance measurements (CTCMs). CTCMs improve the accuracy and usability of CBCMs while reducing the complexity of the test structures. We present the theory of CTCM, we provide experimental results demonstrating its improved accuracy, and we discuss its application to a wide range of process monitoring and testing tasks. Experimental results are used throughout the paper to support the discussion
Plant-made pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases: where are we? RID E-5747-2011
No full textDuctal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
No full textPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its variants comprise between 80% and 90% of all tumors of the exocrine pancreas. Because of its silent course, late clinical manifestation, and rapid growth, it is considered a silent killer. Only 10% to 15% of cases are resectable and the 5-year survival rate remains lower than 5%. The differential diagnosis between PDAC and chronic pancreatitis is a challenge for pathologists. This article provides a guide for pathologic evaluation of PDAC specimens with the macroscopic and microscopic features of common PDAC and its variants and discusses the differential diagnosis and morphologic and immunophenotypical prognostic parameters
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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