1,721,212 research outputs found
Carcass, meat quality and products. Chapter 9
No full textBuffalo livestock and strategies are reported for all the countries in Europe, where buffalo specie is reared and used for food production, as Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Germany, Macedonia, United Kingdome, Greece, Serbia, Albania, Ukraine, and Hungary.
Particularly Italy situation is discussed as in this country selection, milk recording and production, management, nutrition and reproduction techniques, quality food and marketing are really developed at top level.
In Italy 50,000 buffaloes are recorded every month during the lactation, showing a milk yield of 2,220 kg in 270 days of lactation with 8.4% fat and 4.6% protein, as many champions produce more than 5,000 kg for lactation. Artificial insemination is largely applied.
The National Association of Italian Buffalo breeders was instituted on 1979, the Buffalo Genealogical Book for the Mediterranean Italian Buffalo Breed on 1980, the famous mozzarella cheese obtained the Denomination Origin Protected on 1993, with Decree of Agricultural Ministry, approved by European Union, where milk and mozzarella characteristics are defined for consumer guarantee.
In Italy 400,000 buffaloes are managed and fed in intensive system: the females are kept loose in paddock and mechanically milked twice a day; the males are managed in feed-lots or on slatted floor stables for fattening and are slaughtered at 15 months, achieving more than 400 kg live weight. Even if many products are appreciated coming from milk, as ricotta, provola, scamorza, treccia and other cheeses, or coming from meat, as steaks, roast, ham, bresaola, salami, the most important product in the Italian and international market is mozzarella, of which 36,000 tons are produced every year, with a value of 500 million euros. The consumption is 82% in Italy, 18% for export, particularly for Germany, France, USA, U
Studio comparativo fra bufali e bovini sulla qualità della carne. VII. Caratteristiche mioreologiche all'età di 36 settimane
No full textLo studio è stato condotto su 13 muscoli prelevati dalla mezzena destra di 10 bufali e di 10 bovini Frisoni italiani allevati in identiche condizioni microambientali e macellati all'età di 36 settimane. I risultati piú importanti possono essere così sintetizzati:
(a) il muscolo, sia indipendentemente che entro la specie, risulta una importante fonte di variazione per quasi tutte le caratteristiche tessurometriche considerate;
(b) l'interazione ‘specie x muscolo’ non risulta statisticamente significativa;
(c) in ambedue le specie i muscoli tendono a conservare la stessa posizione ordinale per quasi tutti i parametri (W di Kendall);
(d) la carne bufalina tende ad essere qualitativamente superiore a quella bovina: piú tenera (12 per cento), richiedente un minor lavoro di masticazione (14 per cento) e con un maggior potere di ritenzione dell’acqua (6 per cento)
α-Ga2O3 SBD switching performance in PFC application
No full textThis paper presents an in-depth experimental characterization of the switching performance of a state-of-the-art Ga2O3 rectifier used in a real commercial application. Specifically, a Schottky-barrier-diode (SBD) is tested, fabricated with an α-substrate orientation technology, a competitive manufacturing option over the hitherto somewhat more common β orientation. As an application case-study, a boosting power factor correction (PFC) circuit is considered, which allows for the straightforward investigation of the chip operating under varying duty-cycle and load conditions and which corresponds to a potentially large volume market (consumer) application for this technology. A parametric analysis is carried out, by varying the switching frequency, output power and heat-sink temperature of the device. The results indicate that □-Ga2O3 SBDs have the potential to compete with SiC SBDs in the 600 V class, when the performance to cost ratio is taken into account
Genetic improvement strategies in buffalo.
No full textBreeding and official selection activity in any country depends on the economic importance of the considered livestock, therefore of the products that can be obtained from it. The first step in the breeding and selection activity with regard to any dairy livestock is the milk recording of the productivity of each yielding animal. The results, when appropriately merged with the genealogy data, allow a definition of the milk genetic merit of each animal, in particular of the bull, for which we have no other milk record except the production of his progeny. The importance of animal recording for the activity of selection is well recognized all over the world and is demonstrated by the fact that in most countries such activity is at least partially financed by governments, which consider it an important means for the improvement of animal production. An international non governmental organization, the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) has been active for over thirty years in the field of promotion and standardization of animal recording. The highest proportion of milk recorded buffaloes, in fact, is found in Italy (27.8%), in Iran is 4.5 %, while in other countries the recorded buffaloes are about 1% of total dairy females (Turkey, Egypt) or less. We have high percents of recorded buffaloes in Bulgaria, Syria and Greece, where the buffalo population is disappearing. The productivity in other countries is lower than in Italy, considering that only in Italy there was a very long work of recording, selection and genetic improvement, health, feeding and livestock system rising. Also milk composition was improved in Italy in few years, with mean protein percentage from 4.4 to 4.8 and fat percentage from 7.3 to 8.1 without any selection of this character. Moreover the possibilities of genetic improvement for milk quantity and quality will be higher, if the selection pressing will be increased reducing the number of bred females. So, just now there are in Italy many females producing more than 5,000 kg milk for lactation (270 days). Therefore the selection will be directed for the improvement of the yield of mozzarella cheese, not simply for milk production, because the farm income actually is resulting first from mozzarella cheese, alter from the selling of pregnant heifers, at the last from beef (Borghese, 2004). A consistent number of recorded buffaloes is obviously found in countries with the highest presence of buffaloes (India, Pakistan and Egypt) which signifies that these countries have also taken steps towards implementing an organized milk improvement activity, on a solid scientific and technical basis
Enhancing digital cephalic radiography with mixture models and local gamma correction
No full textWe present a new algorithm, called the soft-tissue filter, that can make both soft and bone tissue clearly visible in digital cephalic radiographies under a wide range of exposures. It uses a mixture model made up of two Gaussian distributions and one inverted lognormal distribution to analyze the image histogram. The image is clustered in three parts: background, soft tissue, and bone using this model. Improvement in the visibility of both structures is achieved through a local transformation based on gamma correction, stretching, and saturation, which is applied using different parameters for bone and soft-tissue pixels. A processing time of 1 s for 5 M pixel images allows the filter to operate in real time. Although the default value of the filter parameters is adequate for most images, real-time operation allows adjustment to recover under- and overexposed images or to obtain the best quality subjectively. The filter was extensively clinically tested: quantitative and qualitative results are reported here
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Concentrazione ematica della malatonina in capre di razza Maltese e Siriana
No full textMelatonin blood levels in Maltese and Syrian goats. The melatonin blood concentration has been studied on 10 adult goats of two southern Italian breeds (5 Maltese and 5 Syrian), which are characterized by a weak reproductive seasonality, presenting a spring breeding period in addition to the main autumn season. The animals were kept under natural photoperiod, were bred in autumn and displayed regular deliveries and lactations. The plasma melatonin concentration was assayed by RIA on blood samples taken at 2 h interval for 24 h. Night samples were taken in dim red light. The sampling sessions were repeated at 2 months interval for one year. During the daylight period the hormone levels were very low (< 4 pg/ml), while during night time in each sampling session the concentrations arised in all the animals, with high individual variability (the individual mean night levels ± SE ranged from 6.41.9 to 109.162.4 pg/ml). Each animal maintained during the year higher or lower nocturnal melatonin levels in comparison to those of the other goats, and significant (P<0.05) differences in the night mean values between the animals have been found. The Syrian goats showed lower (P<0.05) mean night levels (20.052.30) than the Maltese ones (55.349.23 pg/ml), two goats with the higher mean values being Maltese. No significant seasonal differences in the mean melatonin nocturnal levels resulted from our data: the lowest mean night values were recorded in Aug, the highest in Oct. . It would be interesting to investigate if the significant individual variability in nocturnal melatonin plasma concentrations found in the present work might be someway linked to individual variability in the parameters of the reproductive seasonality
Antonio Canova 1807 un memoriale a Pio VII in difesa del diritto del popolo romano contro la vendita dei marmi della collezione Borghese a Napoleone
No full textAn Electrothermal Compact Model for SiC MOSFETs Based on SPICE Primitives with Improved Description of the JFET Resistance
No full textThis manuscript introduces a compact electrothermal model for SiC power MOSFETs that can be easily scaled to devices of different voltage ratings. The model is implemented as a subcircuit containing mainly SPICE native components. Both the static and dynamic performance can be tuned by adjusting a small set of parameters. The model is validated on 1.7 kV-60 A-rated devices
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