1,720,962 research outputs found
SYNTHESIS OF NAD ANALOGS AS SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
No full textC-nucleosides are composed of an aromatic moiety linked to a carbohydrate derivative thanks to a stable carbon-carbon bond rather than a hydrolysable carbon-nitrogen bond present in regular nucleosides. C-nucleosides are generally synthesized by two main approaches. In the first approach heterocyclic bases are built, starting from a functional group introduced at the anomeric position of the carbohydrate. The second approach is based on the direct attachment of aromatic or heterocylic moieties to the protected ribose derivative. Two C-nucleosides, tiazofurin and benzamide riboside, show a potent inhibitory activity against Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH) when converted to their corresponding tiazofurin- and benzamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD and BAD). We will discuss the synthesis of TAD analogues containing a substituent at the C2 of adenine ring that inhibit IMPDH with Ki in 1-10 nM range. We will also report modified BAD analogues with inhibitory activity against NAD kinase and M. tuberculosis enoyl ACP reductase
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide based therapeutics.
No full textNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), generally considered a key component involved in redox reactions, has been found to participate in an increasingly diverse range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, DNA repair, and post-translational protein modifications. In recent years, medicinal chemists have become interested in the therapeutic potential of molecules affecting interactions of NAD with NAD-dependent enzymes. Also, enzymes involved in de novo biosynthesis, salvage pathways, and down-stream utilization of NAD have been extensively investigated and implicated in a wide variety of diseases. These studies have bolstered NAD-based therapeutics as a new avenue for the discovery and development of novel treatments for medical conditions ranging from cancer to aging. Industrial and academic groups have produced structurally diverse molecules which target NAD metabolic pathways, with some candidates advancing into clinical trials. However, further intensive structural, biological, and medical studies are needed to facilitate the design and evaluation of new generations of NAD-based therapeutics. At this time, the field of NAD-therapeutics is most likely at a stage similar to that of the early successful development of protein kinase inhibitors, where analogs of ATP (a more widely utilized metabolite than NAD) began to show selectivity against target enzymes. This review focuses on key representative opportunities for research in this area, which extends beyond the scope of this article
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL INHIBITORS OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
No full textInosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a well known therapeutic target for new drug development against organ transplant rejection, viral infection and cancer due to its key role in de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. Following our discovery of mycophenolic adenine dinucleotide (MAD) analogues such as C2-MAD, we designed and synthesized a series of C2-MAD analogues and evaluated their activities against IMPDH (type I and type II). We introduced different functional groups at the 2-position of adenine improving the potency and selectivity of new compounds against the type I and type II isoforms of the human enzyme. We also designed and synthesized compounds with new linkages between adenosine and mycophenolic moiety. Some of them showed more potent inhibition of IMPDH than the parent MAD analogues
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
