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Il disastro di Molare del 1935 in Valle Orba (AL): un Vajont dimenticato
No full textNel 1926 nella Valle Orba (Piemonte) fu ultimata la realizzazione di un grande bacino idroelettrico ottenuto dallo sbarramento del Torrente Orba per mezzo di due differenti dighe: la Diga Principale e la Diga Secondaria. Il 13 agosto 1935, a seguito di una fortissima precipitazione, la Diga Secondaria collassò insieme ad una porzione di terreno sul quale era fondata. L’ondata che si riversò violentemente verso valle determinò la morte di 110-115 persone e causò gravissimi danni ai sottostanti centri abitati. L'articolo esamina le cause geologico-strutturali, idrologico-idrauliche e progettuali che portarono al crollo dell'opera e alla devastazione della valle
13th August 1935: a catastrophic dam failure in the Orba Valley (Piedmont, Italy)
No full textBetween 1919 and 1925 the “Officine Elettriche Genovesi” (O.E.G.), a large industrial company, built a large hydroelectric plant in the municipality of Molare (Piedmont, northern Italy). The reservoir created by the barrage of the Torrent Orba (hydrographic catchment of the River Po) by means of two dams had a capacity of 18 million cubic metres. On the morning of 13th August 1935, after nearly 10 years of operation, the rock sill on which one of the two dams had been constructed – named Secondary Dam of Sella Zerbino –collapsed following a very heavy downpour. The failure caused the sudden emptying of the reservoir and, as a consequence, a large amount of water poured into the underlying valley, wreaking havoc along the whole course of the Torrent Orba as far as its confluence with the River Bormida, some 50 km away, near the town of Alessandria. At least 111 people lost their lives in the disaster. The criminal trial held by the Turin Courts in 1938 returned a verdict of acquittal for the managers of the O.E.G. and the designer of the plant. This article pinpoints the multiple causes which led to the disaster and which can be mainly ascribed to the lack of geological investigation within the hydroelectric plant area. In addition, thorough hydrological and hydraulic studies, which could have accurately determined the adequacy of the dam’s discharge system, were not carried out. Finally, the original project was changed several times, in order to reduce the building costs and increase the volume of water stored without ever considering the proper safety of the plant. The Molare disaster, which occurred nearly 30 years before the Vaiont catastrophe, shows disturbing analogies with the latter, which will be discussed. The other dam, named “Main Dam of Bric Zerbino”, still stands within a remote, abandoned meander of the Torrent Orba which, after the 1935 collapse, found a new course in correspondence with the rock sill where the failed dam had stood. The disasters of Molare and Vaiont represent two unfortunate examples of the serious consequences which can be brought about by underestimating or neglecting the geological and environmental setting of sites affected by important engineering works
Dam failures in the 20th century: nearly 1,000 avoidable victims in Italy alone
No full textThe frequency of large dam failures all over the world, with a high toll of lives lost, pinpoints the still unsolved problems of risk resulting from the presence of large dams in built-up areas. Some of these failures and other related incidents took place in Italy in the past century. This paper discusses the three worst cases of dam failures occurring in Italy, analyzing the causes which led to collapse. They are the dams of Gleno (1923), Molare (1935) and Stava (1985)
Hydrogeology of conglomerate fractured-rock aquifers: an example from the Portofino’s Promontory (Italy)
No full textThe Portofino promontory is characterised by springs supplying Camogli, Portofino and Santa Margherita Ligure towns. This research concerns a hydrogeological preliminary study of the Caselle springs, located in the San Fruttuoso valley at 325 m asl.
Water circulation occurs in discontinuities of Portofino Conglomerate and has been investigated by scientific studies since the late Nineteenth Century. The flow of Caselle springs has been monitored, while the climatic parameters recorded in the Mount Portofino weather station have allowed a first comparison between rains and outflows.
The hydrogeological water balance has allowed assessing a loss due to evapotranspiration of 627 mm and an outflow of 753 mm. The evaluation of the recharge area permitted to calculate outflows between 4 and 13 l/s: adopting an infiltration rate of 0.7, obtained infiltration values are comparable with the measured flow rates.
The answer to the rains of hydrogeological parameters shows a ground-water velocity of 10-6 m/s; protecting the aquifer from potential sources of pollution is therefore deemed as essential, taking into account that over 80,000 hikers per year walk upon the recharge area
Osservazioni e ricerche idrogeologiche presso il complesso carbonatico di M.Coppello-M.Chiappozzo. Grotta sorgente della Madonna (Li 931 GE) – Alta Val Graveglia, comune di Ne, Provincia di Genova (Liguria Orientale)
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Double-sided DSGSD: a combined structural, geomorphological, engineering-geological and geophysical approach
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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