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Nutritional traits of dorsal and ventral fillets from farmed European sea bass, gilthead sea bream and rainbow trout.
No full textQuality differences due to fillet region have been quite extensively researched in farmed Atlantic salmon, but much less so in other important farmed species, namely European sea bass, gilthead sea bream and rainbow trout. The paucity of information on this issue is most likely due to the relatively small fillet size of these latter species, yet it deserves attention as a potential problem in sampling techniques in view of nutritional, storage and sensory analyses. Therefore this preliminary study was conducted to determine if and to what extent compositional differences exist between dorsal and ventral fillets from farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, ESB in the following), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, GSB) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, RT).
Five specimens for each species were randomly selected from stocks of fish intensively reared in Italian commercial farms producing for the Italian market and ready for sale. Fish were weighed, eviscerated and filleted, each fillet being weighed with skin, then cut along the insertion line of the ribs to obtained a dorsal and a ventral fillet. After skinning, the two dorsal fillets obtained from each fish were joined, their sum being named “dorsal portion” (DP), and weighed. The same was made with the two ventral fillets, thus giving a “ventral portion” (VP). Both DP and VP obtained from each fish were analysed in duplicate for proximate and fatty acid composition, expressed as g/100 g flesh.
Despite wide differences in body weight (mean  standard error: ESB = 226  20 g; GSB = 273  18 g; RT = 519  35 g), the three species did not differ as to the yield of DP (range: 22.11-22.80%) or VP (range: 16.08-18.20%), both calculated on body weight. ESB proximate composition proved to be the most affected by fillet location, followed by GSB, and then RT. Lipid content (g/100 g flesh) was by far the most variable trait (4.45 vs 8.58 vs 4.00 in DP, and 12.99 ab vs 14.43 a vs 6.62 b in VP, for ESB, GSB and RT, respectively, the ratio DP:VP being 1:2.92, 1:1.68 and 1:1.66 in that order). Species effect within location was examined to compare ESB, GSB and RT flesh lipid for both their content of health-related polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their susceptibility to oxidation, evaluated through the Peroxidisability Index (PI). DP of GSB was significantly (and predictably, given its higher lipid content) richer in n-3 PUFA than ESB and RT (1.83 a vs 1.05 b vs 1.12 b, resp., as g/100 g flesh); GSB superiority was maintained, though only marginally, in VP (2.82 vs 2.68 vs 1.80, in the same order). The ratio between eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6 n-3) acids was higher in ESB than GSB and RT, both in DP (0.49 a vs 0.44 a vs 0.33 b, resp.) and in VP (0.59 a vs 0.49 b vs 0.34 c, resp.). Within each species n-6/n-3 was lower, i.e. more favourable, in DP than in VP, RT oil emerging as the most healthful in that respect. The higher n-3 PUFA (most notably DHA) percentage in RT oil was also responsible for its higher PI, both in DP (192 ab vs 170 b vs 227 a, for ESB, GSB and RT, resp.) and in VP (163 b vs 155 b vs 220 a, in the same order).
On the grounds of the present results, though obtained on few specimens for each species, there seems to be ample reason to further investigate the effect of location on fillet compositional traits
Growth parameters, behavior, and meat and ham quality of heavy pigs subjected to photoperiods of different duration
Full text linkTo attain a good level of animal welfare, pigs require a sufficient nvironmental illumination. Therefore, minimum levels for light duration and light intensity have been set up by the European legislation (Directive 2008/120). An experimental trial was designed to determine whether an increased duration of the photophase (up to 16 h of light per day) could modify the behavior, productive parameters, and meat and ham quality of Italian heavy pigs. Forty crossbred (Large White × Landrace) castrated males pigs (26 kg initial average BW) intended for Protected Designation of Origin (according to European Union Regulation - European Union, 2012) dry-cured ham production were raised according to Parma ham production rules up to the weight of 160 kg. Pigs were homogeneously allotted to 2 experimental groups, each comprising 20 pigs. The short photoperiod (SP) group received the minimum mandatory number of hours of light per day (corresponding to 8 h/d), whereas the long photoperiod (LP) group was subjected to 16 h of light per day during the whole production cycle. Light intensity was maintained at 40 lux (i.e., the minimum mandatory level) for both the experimental groups. Growth and slaughtering parameters, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, meat and dry-cured ham quality, and animal behavior were assessed. Pigs in the LP group showed a greater live weight and carcass weight compared to the SP group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.007, respectively). Similarly, hams obtained from the LP group were significantly heavier and their weight losses during the dry-curing period were reduced (P < 0.01) when compared to the SP group. No significant differences were detected between the experimental groups as concerns meat and ham quality or fatty acid composition of the subcutaneous fat. Pigs in the LP group spent more time resting and less time pseudo-rooting (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that, given an appropriate dark period for animal rest, an increased duration of the photoperiod, even at the lower mandatory light intensity level, can favorably affect growth parameters of heavy pigs without any negative effect on animal behavior, carcass traits, or meat or long-cured ham quality. Therefore, rearing pigs in semidarkness should be considered as a baseless practice, contrary to animal welfare
The influence of different soybean meal levels on ongrowing and gut histology of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).
No full textGrowth response and body composition of sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) fed a high energy diet with different protein levels.
Full text linkA study was undertaken to determine the effect of a high energy diet with two different protein levels on growth, feed efficiency and whole body composition of sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo). Two isoenergetic diets (24.1-24.7 MJ Kg-1 dry weight) with two different protein levels (46.7 and 52.5 % dry weight) were fed to satiety to duplicate groups of 300 fish (initial body weight 27.7 ± 0.2 g) for 94 days. At the end of the experiment, the fish fed 52.5 % protein showed a statistically higher (P < 0.05) daily intake rate (DIR) of feed. Feed conversion rate (FCR) was similar among groups. Whole body composition was similar among treatments while the high enrgy level of the diets significantly modified lipid and moisture content in comparison with fish at the beginning of the experiment. Protein efficiency ratio (PER), gross protein efficiency (GPE) of fish fed 46.7 % protein diet were statistically higher than those for the other diet. It may be concluded that the diet with a lower protein level has given better protein utilization and a protein sparing effect but tended to result in reduced weight gain and feed intake, when compared with diet containing higher protein levels
Effects of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of lactose on faecal bacterial populations and metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility in adult dogs
Full text linkThe effect of increasing dietary doses of lactose on canine faecal microbiota and apparent digestibility was evaluated. Fourteen adult healthy dogs [1–5 years of age, mean body weight (BW) of 19.0 kg] were fed with an extruded diet containing silica (5 g/kg) as a digestion marker. After a 20 d adaptation period, increasing doses of lactose were added to the dogs’ diet (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg BW0.75/d) during three consecutive 20-d supplementation periods. Faeces were collected at the end of each period for analyses. Four dogs refused the diet added with lactose at 0.5 g/kg BW0.75/d and were excluded from the trial, as well as two dogs, which developed acute diarrhoea when lactose was fed at 1 g/kg BW0.75/d. Conversely, eight dogs remained healthy throughout the study. Faecal moisture was influenced by lactose (quadratic, p = .001), while faecal pH and ammonia were not affected by treatments. Lactose supplementations tended to linearly decrease isovalerate (p = .051) and quadratically influence n-valerate (p = .056) in canine faeces. No changes in faecal microbial populations were observed. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, Ca, K, Mn and Fe was influenced by lactose supplementation (quadratic, p < .05). Increasing doses of lactose linearly decreased Mg digestibility (p < .05). Furthermore, coefficients of crude protein, crude ash, P, Mg and Zn digestibility were tendentially affected (quadratic, p = .055, .089, .091, .065 and .065, respectively). In conclusion, 8 of 14 dogs displayed a good tolerance (absence of gastrointestinal signs) up to the highest dose of lactose (2 g/kg BW0.75/d). An evident prebiotic effect was not observed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Farmed and wild common sole (Solea solea L.): Comparative assessment of morphometric parameters, processing yields, selected nutritional traits and sensory profile
Full text linkRecent important developments in sole aquaculture have increased the availability of the farmed product on the market. The aim of this research was to characterize and compare for the first time in common sole (Solea solea) morphometric parameters, nutrients and sensory traits of cultured and wild specimens. Farmed sole, while maintaining the characteristics of a lean fish species (2% of lipid content), displayed a EPA+DHA fillet content more than twice as high as its wild counterpart. Sensory traits of “potato” “boiled fish” sweet, firmness, astringency, chewiness, were correlated to farmed origin while whiteness, briny, “octopus” “crab” salty, acid, bitter, umami, intensity and juiciness were linked to wild origin. Intensive farming conditions improved the nutritional value of common sole in terms of lipid content and fatty acid profile and led to sweeter sensory traits particularly associated with a terrestrial vegetable perception
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