1,720,955 research outputs found
Removal of Viruscide Agents by using Styrenic Resins
No full textStrong and weak anionic polystyrene/divinylbenzene ion exchange resins were investigated both as iodophores and as iodine/iodide ion removing agents in blood disinfection applications. Resin-iodine complexes were prepared, but no significant iodine release was observed in either distilled water or isotonic saline solution. However, all ion-exchange resin were able to remove almost quantitatively both iodine and iodide ions from water solutions. Crosslinked styrene/divinylbenzene resins are excellent adsorbents of polyaromatic viruscides, although their hydrophobicity is responsible for poor wettability in physiological fluids. Surface modification with hydrophilic reagents appeared a very promising strategy to overcome this drawback. A Merrifield–type chloromethylated resin and a highly crosslinked mesoporous resin (Lewatit 1064) with large surface area and content of unreacted vinyl groups were selected as starting materials. The Merrifield resin was modified by reaction of pendant chloromethyl groups with triethyleneglycol, tetraethyleneglycol, and β-cyclodextrin. Conversion of Lewatit double bonds into hydrophilic moieties was attempted by radical grafting of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, maleic anhydride, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, and different PEG methacrylates. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol and epoxidation were also investigated. All modified Merrifield resins showed a very low efficiency in the uptake of acridine viruscide, inspite of the huge increase of both wettability and water uptake. On the other hand, all modified Lewatit samples removed very quickly and almost quantitatively the viruscide from aqueous solutions, although only a few samples resulted very hydrophilic. In all cases, hydrophilicity and viruscide adsorbing capacity were maintained after heating at 180 °C to simulate pyrogen elimination
New materials: multifunctional hydrophilic polymers
No full textDifferent types of multifunctional hydrophilic polymers were synthesized and characterized in view of their possible biomedical application. Several poly(amide)s and poly(ester-amide)s containing oligo(oxyethylene) segments and tartaric or succinic acid residues were prepared by activated polycondensation methods. New functional derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin were obtained by reaction with glycidyl ether of protected polyols. The mechanism of beta-cyclodextrin polymerization with epichlorohydrine was investigated by C-13-NMR spectroscopy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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