1,721,024 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mitigating the impacts of river flow regulation and barriers to fish spawning migrations
Full text linkGlobally, migratory fish are threatened by anthropogenic modification to rivers. These create barriers that prevent fish accessing spawning grounds required for completion of life cycles. In order to make informed decsions, for mitigating the associated negative impacts, an understanding migratory behaviour when reaching barriers during the spawning migration is required. That said, there is a lack of information about the response of migratory fish to operational regimes in regulated rivers and the areas occupied, delays caused and routes taken around infrastructures. This study investigated the behaviour of three migratory fish species under operational regimes of three different infrastructures during each species’ respective spawning season. The efficiency of a bypass channel that utilised the relationship between migratory behaviour and flow was also investigated for a further species.The literature was reviewed to identify the different types of migratory life histories of fish, the impact of different riverine modification on the respective spawning migrations and how this can be mitigated. Fish have evolved in direct response to the natural flow regime and connectivity of riverine habitats, but barriers to migration exist from source to sea. This regulates or disrupts the flow regime and connectivity that fish depend upon, which has had considerable detriment to many migratory fish species globally. The main conclusion of the review was that knowledge gaps exist for the target species, and understanding the behaviour of the study species during the spawning migration is essential to improve access to spawning grounds in regulated rivers and ultimately conserve populations.The effects of timing, magnitude and duration of eleven artificial flow (freshet) releases from two impounding reservoirs on river-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), a species known to undertake spawning migrations, was investigated using radio telemetry in a regulated upland river in northern England. Most did not perform movements characteristic of spawning migrations; all were located within 10 m of the location occupied before freshets, and fish in a control reach behaved comparably. The largest unidirectional movements mostly occurred during elevated river level due to rainfall and reservoir overtopping events; other varied length movements occurred during natural peaks or low flow, indicating artificial freshets were not directly responsible, and may not be suitable to stimulate migration in river-resident fish in regulated rivers.An acoustic telemetry study was conducted to determine the impact of a high- head hydropower station, associated diversion weir and spillway on downstream migrating shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) in the regulated Wairua catchment, Northland, New Zealand. Despite the diversion weir providing an alternative route, 88% (n = 21) of tagged eels that were detected here entered the power station forebay; of these, 52% were impinged onto intake screens, always when turbines were operating at greater than 3.04 MW/day. The rest (48%) passed the spillway and continued their migration, sometimes after long delays and having spent time immediately upstream of the intake where fitness could have been reduced due to high flows. Based on findings, the most effective mitigation here and at similar power schemes is considered to be operational or physical changes at the diversion weir to minimise entry of downstream migrating eels into the power canal during the migration period. Also discussed as potential solutions are turbine shutdowns, ensuring the spillway is available and provision of a bypass channel in the forebay.At a pumping station in the Anglian region, UK, where the upstream river level is maintained primarily by a co-located gravity sluice door, route choice and behaviour of downstream migrating European eel (Anguilla anguilla) (n = 7) immediately upstream of both routes was investigated using acoustic telemetry. During the study, three eels passed through pumps despite only operating for 8% of the time the gravity sluice was open, and only two passed through the gravity sluice after arriving when it was closed; the remaining two retreated upstream. No eels were detected within 15 m of the gravity sluice when it was open and eel behaviour was indicative of reluctance to pass through pumps. Findings are discussed in terms of water resource management to implement operational changes, to make the gravity sluice an attractive downstream passage route for migrating eels and thus reduce passage through hazardous pumps.The efficacy of two bypasses in attracting and passing downstream migrating American eels (Anguilla rostrata), designed to utilise the relationship between eel migratory behaviour and flow through two methods of flow creation, i.e. an airlift and a siphon, was tested in a simulated forebay environment, as a potential remediation measure at infrastructures requiring eel passage. Under entrance velocity of 1.2 m/s in eight test runs, both bypasses performed comparably and eels tested in each readily located, entered and passed. Test findings are discussed in relation to real-world application at sites with different characteristics, and the suitability of each design in successfully providing a safe route for downstream migrating eels
The physiological and behavioural responses of the shore crab Carcinus meanas (L) to near-future levels of ocean acidification.
No full textOcean acidification as a result of increased anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide is a widely documented threat to marine life as a whole. According to current predictions, ocean pH is set to continue its hereto unprecedented level of decrease throughout the remainder of the 21st century. For this thesis, experiments were carried out on the shore crab Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) to explore the effects of ocean acidification on their behaviour and physiology. Experiments on the species’ agonistic behaviour showed acute pH reduction induced significant differences in the influencing power of carapace width on fight outcomes in relation to perceived resource value. Further experiments on C. maenas’ dorsal-ventral righting reflex showed that, when conditioned at a highly plausible pH for the year 2100, the species exhibits significantly longer righting times when submerged and a consistently lower righting success rate when out of water. These results have concerning implications for the species’ survival, future ecosystem structure and biodiversity as a whole. Additionally, the concept, design and construction of an electromechanical device to measure C. maenas chelae force as a potential indicator for physiological stress from ocean acidification and other stressors is detailed. Due to time and funding constraints and unforeseen experimental difficulties, no data was collected with the device
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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