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Logiche e dinamiche operative per la gestione delle trasformazioni urbane: il caso dei Large Scale Urban Development Projects
Get PDFThis research aims at investigate a topic probably not well examined by national and international literature, which is the one of the evolutions in operational rationales and patterns followed in contemporary urban planning. The hypothesis here discussed is that the transition from the so-called “modern” to the so-called “contemporary” city has engendered a number of issues, including a need for adjustment of a planning practice that is both not completed yet and can’t be longer avoided. In order to carry out such a survey two different case studies will be analyzed, the large scale urban development project of Paris Rive Gauche, in Paris, and King’s Cross Central, in London.
From the late ‘70s a number of factors, among which the research pinpoints the disappearance of manufacturing industry from large urban contexts, caused a deep physical and socio-economic restructuring process in many European cities. As a consequence, also the urban planning models followed during the previous decades faced a corresponding restructuring process. In particular, what fell in crisis was the traditional plan-led rationale that for at least three decades characterized urban planning in many European countries. Indeed this rationale was considered by many scholars and practitioners no longer suitable to respond to the increased complexity characterizing contemporary urban contexts.
During all the ‘80s a massive practice of deregulation has been proposed as the answer able to face such an issue. From the traditional plan-led model previously followed to implement urban strategies, the switch to the simplistic deregulation of real estate industry based on a property-led rationale knew a wide spread.
Despite such an ambition, even also this alternative led in turn to many critics, mainly related to the ability of such models to achieve social and sustainable goals. Therefore, in the late ‘90s and even more at the beginning of the new Century different operational rationales and patterns began to be established, in order to face both the initial and unsolved restructuring process and its first attempted reaction. The aim of this research is to better understand the progressive affirmation of this kind of operational patterns and to critical review them. In order to better conduct such a survey, the methodology is based on the analysis of two significant case studies, and more specifically a certain type of urban transformation known in the international literature with the diction of “large scale urban development projects”.
This research consists of four sections. In the first one will be described the background of the research, and then how this will be developed. By literature review will be discussed what caused the fall of a city that many other authors called “modern”, and the corresponding rise of a “contemporary” city, which will be analyzed. Then the research will focus on the discipline which has the city as its subject, that is urban planning. Therefore, it will be discussed how, in the different stages of urban evolution, urban planning met a corresponding evolution process, in order to understand different models followed by the discipline, but mainly to understand its ability to evolve in order to face always new issues. At the end of this first section, it will be discussed the framework of the whole research, in regards to what kind of methodology has been chosen, here based on case study research, and on how these case studies have been selected.
In the second section will be discussed the theoretical context of the research, by the review of national and international literature on the topic of operational rationales and patterns in urban planning. This survey will start from the analysis of different patterns in public decision-making, focusing on the process that brought form the rational model to the affirmation of the incremental model. Then it will be discussed how decision-making patterns in public and administrative context reflect in the urban planning discipline, and how this affects the operational patterns used to implement these different models.
As a second topic analysed in this section, it will be discussed the phenomenon of large scale urban development projects. Last two decades knew a wide spread of these kind of projects, whose success is commonly due to their ability in achieving a set of different purposes ranging from the redevelopment of large neglect urban areas to the improvement of competitiveness in metropolitan contexts. Moreover, these large projects permit to sum up some interesting trends in contemporary planning practice, because they are the result of important evolutions in the operational patterns followed their design and implementation.
The third section will deal with the analysis of the two case studies of Paris Rive Gauche and King’s Cross Central. Both these case studies are well known by national and international literature, but here it will be given an original interpretation which aims, for the French one, to retrace the events that brought to the affirmation of the patterns we are discussing about, and for the English one to carry out an in-depth review of the state of the art in implementation of large projects and in the interaction between the actors involved in this implementation.
The fourth section includes the conclusions of the research, where the literature review conducted in the second section will be compared with the report of the two cases, in order to answer to the research questions formulated during in the first section of the work. The topic of large urban development projects has been already discussed, especially in regard to the relationship between these and the affirmation of a new-liberalism in urban planning. However, not as many studies are specifically focused on the description of operational rationales and patterns in large scale projects, that on the contrary constitute probably the most original contribution of such projects. The spread of large projects could bring back up to the crisis of comprehensive plan, and to its inability in managing evolutions in contemporary cities. For these reasons, a broaden knowledge in evolutions of operational patterns can be useful in achieving a more effective planning practices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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