1,721,270 research outputs found
Farmaci inibitori della secrezione acida, protettivi della muocsa gastrica e anti-ulcera
No full textLetter: ustekinumab's effectiveness outcomes compared with vedolizumab in Crohn's disease-what about mucosal healing and biomarkers?
No full textLetter: can the overall gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib be extended to all COX-2-selective agents?
No full textNo abstract available
Targeting enteric neuroplasticity: Diet and bugs as new key factors
No full textAbstract non previsto dalla rivista per questo tipo di articol
Adverse reactions to oncologic drugs: spontaneous reporting and signal detection
Full text linkOncology is one of the areas of medicine with the most active research being conducted on new drugs. New pharmacological entities frequently enter the clinical arena, and therefore, the safety profile of anticancer products deserves continuous monitoring. However, only very severe and (unusual) suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are usually reported, since cancer patients develop ADRs very frequently and some practical selectivity must be used. Notably, a recent study was able to identify 76 serious ADRs reported in updated drug labels of oncologic drugs and 50% of them (n = 38) were potentially fatal. Of these, 49 and 58%, respectively, were not described in initial drug labels. The aims of this article are to provide an overview about spontaneous reporting of ADRs of oncologic drugs and to discuss the available methods to analyze the safety of anticancer drugs using databases of spontaneous ADR reporting
Unresolved gustatory, olfactory and auditory adverse drug reactions to antibiotic drugs: a survey of spontaneous reporting to Eudravigilance
Full text linkObjectives: Sensory adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are generally expected to be transient in nature. However, spontaneous reports describe frequently these events as long-lasting or unresolved. In this study, the authors reviewed the Eudravigilance publicly accessible database to describe the volume and expectedness of potentially unresolved outcomes for gustatory, olfactory and auditory (GOA) suspected ADRs associated with antibiotics for systemic use. Methods: ‘Overall’ and ‘GOA’ suspected ADRs were extracted from Eudravigilance to estimate the distribution of their outcomes among different antibiotic groups. Then, the authors identified the drugs contributing to at least 15% of all suspected GOA ADRs observed for the antibiotic groups, and evaluated the expectedness. Results: The frequency of persistent/permanent outcomes was higher for GOA suspected ADRs, as compared to the overall ones. Unresolved and undetermined outcomes for antibiotic-associated GOA ADRs in Eudravigilance might hide a large number of events with underestimated clinical consequences. Several persistent/permanent antibiotic-associated GOA reactions could be classified as serious and unexpected. Conclusion: Potential long-lasting or irreversible GOA reactions are often reported for all antibiotics drugs. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether this is an actual safety issue or simply it reflects a general difficulty in outcomes assessment for such reactions
A holistic view of adenosine in the control of intestinal neuromuscular functions: the enteric 'purinome' concept
No full textAdenosine is involved in the modulation of enteric neuromuscular functions, operating a fine tuning of smooth muscle contractility, peristaltic reflex and transit. In this issue of the BJP, Zizzo et al. report novel findings on the expression of adenosine receptors in mouse duodenum, extending our knowledge of their involvement in the control of spontaneous and neurogenic intestinal motility. In this study, particular attention was paid to the differential activation of adenosine receptors, as a result of their interplay with regulatory systems, modulating the availability of endogenous adenosine in a compartmentalised manner. This evidence will contribute to the holistic evaluation of the role played by adenosine in the regulation of intestinal motility, in accordance with the novel concept of the enteric 'purinome'. This commentary discusses the role of the 'purinome' in the modulation of enteric neuromuscular activity, pointing out its involvement in the intestinal neuroplasticity associated with bowel dysmotility
Liberazione di istamina dalle cellule della mucosa gastrica e secrezione acida nel cane.
No full textInterplay among gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier and enteric neuro-immune system: a common path to neurodegenerative diseases?
Full text linkNeurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis, are often associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders. These gastrointestinal disturbances may occur at all stages of the neurodegenerative diseases, to such an extent that they are now considered an integral part of their clinical picture. Several lines of evidence support the contention that, in central neurodegenerative diseases, changes in gut microbiota and enteric neuro-immune system alterations could contribute to gastrointesinal dysfunctions as well as initiation and upward spreading of the neurologic disorder. The present review has been intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the available knowledge on the role played by enteric microbiota, mucosal immune system and enteric nervous system, considered as an integrated network, in the pathophysiology of the main neurological diseases known to be associated with intestinal disturbances. In addition, based on current human and pre-clinical evidence, our intent was to critically discuss whether changes in the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial barrier and enteric neuro-immune system are a consequence of the central neurodegeneration or might represent the starting point of the neurodegenerative process. Special attention has been paid also to discuss whether alterations of the enteric bacterial-neuro-immune network could represent a common path driving the onset of the main neurodegenerative diseases, even though each disease displays its own distinct clinical features
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