1,720,976 research outputs found

    Improve women's health, improve the world

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    Ai primi di giugno di quest’anno si è tenuta a Washington la Women Deliver and Countdown to 2015 Joint Conference, rivolta all’analisi del raggiungimento degli obiettivi di miglioramento della salute infantile e materna, due dei Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Il convegno voleva coinvolgere nuovi partners e comunità e condividere come priorità globale il problema della salute materna e infantile, per la cui soluzione è necessario lavorare sul piano politico, economico, socio-culturale

    Are social deprivation and psychiatric service utilisation associated in neurotic disorders? A case register study in South Verona.

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    Measures of service utilisation from the South Verona psychiatric case register in North-East Italy for the years 1983, 1986 and 1989 were used to identify possible associations with sociodemographic variables from the 1981 census for neurotic disorders. There were no consistent patterns of associations between local social and demographic predictors and rates of psychiatric service utilisation. This contrasts markedly with the associations found previously in England (for all psychiatric admissions) and in Italy (for various measures of service utilisation concerning contacts both in and outside hospital for schizophrenic as well as for all psychiatric patients) where social deprivation factors proved to be strong predictors of service use

    Evaluating screening questionnaires using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves from two-phase (double) samples

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    The characteristics of psychiatric screening tests (for example, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC – the area under an ROC curve) are frequently assessed using data arising from two-phase samples. Too often, however, the statistical methods that are used are incorrect. They do not appropriately account for the sampling design. Valid methods for the estimate of sensitivity, specificity and, in particular, the AUC, together with its standard error, are discussed in detail and a Stata macro for the implementation of these methods is provided. Simple weighting procedures are used to correct for verification biases arising from the two-phase design, together with bootstrap or jackknife sampling for the calculation of valid standard errors

    Urban-rural differences in the associations between social deprivation and psychiatric service utilization in schizophrenia and all diagnoses: A case-register study in Northern Italy

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    Used service utilization measures from the psychiatric case registers for an urban and a rural city in Northern Italy to identify associations with socio-demographic variables from the 1981 census in schizophrenia (SCZ) and related disorders as well as in all diagnoses. The patterns of service use were similar, except that the rural city had significantly more community contacts and had about twice the treated incidence and prevalence of SCZ. Findings reinforce previous proposals that social isolation was a mediator between socio-demographic characteristics and psychiatric morbidity (e.g., E. Hare, 1956). ((c) 1997 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved

    Improving post-stroke dysphagia outcomes through a standardized and multidisciplinary protocol: an exploratory cohort study.

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    Stroke is a major cause of dysphagia. Few studies to date have reported on standardized multidisciplinary protocolized approaches to the management of post-stroke dysphagia. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the impact of a standardized multidisciplinary protocol on clinical outcomes in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. We performed retrospective chart reviews of patients with post-stroke dysphagia admitted to the neurological ward of Verona University Hospital from 2004 to 2008. Outcomes after usual treatment for dysphagia (T- group) were compared versus outcomes after treatment under a standardized diagnostic and rehabilitative multidisciplinary protocol (T+ group). Outcome measures were death, pneumonia on X-ray, need for respiratory support, and proportion of patients on tube feeding at discharge. Of the 378 patients admitted with stroke, 84 had dysphagia and were enrolled in the study. A significantly lower risk of in-hospital death (odds ratio [OR] 0.20 [0.53-0.78]), pneumonia (OR 0.33 [0.10-1.03]), need for respiratory support (OR 0.48 [0.14-1.66]), and tube feeding at discharge (OR 0.30 [0.09-0.91]) was recorded for the T+ group (N = 39) as compared to the T- group (N = 45). The adjusted OR showed no difference between the two groups for in-hospital death and tube feeding at discharge. Use of a standardized multidisciplinary protocolized approach to the management of post-stroke dysphagia may significantly reduce rates of aspiration pneumonia, in-hospital mortality, and tube feeding in dysphagic stroke survivors. Consistent with the study's exploratory purposes, our findings suggest that the multidisciplinary protocol applied in this study offers an effective model of management of post-stroke dysphagia

    Efficacia del litio nella depressione resistente con rischio suicidario. Studio indipendente, pragmatico, multicentrico, di superiorità

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    Background: Le linee guida internazionali definiscono “depressione resistente” un quadro clinico di depressione maggiore che non risponde ad almeno due antidepressivi dati sequenzialmente a dosaggio adeguato e per un adeguato periodo di tempo. Nella depressione resistente il riferimento a idee autolesive è piuttosto frequente, fino ad arrivare al suicidio compiuto in circa il 10% dei casi. I dati presenti in letteratura mostrano un effetto benefico del litio nel ridurre i comportamenti autolesivi, ma non sono stati condotti finora trial clinici randomizzati che valutino l’efficacia del litio nel ridurre i gesti auto lesivi e il suicidio in pazienti con depressione resistente. Metodi: Lo studio LAST è uno studio clinico controllato e randomizzato che prevede di assegnare i soggetti a due opzioni di trattamento: 1) terapia standard con litio versus 2) terapia standard (senza litio). I pazienti verranno seguiti per 12 mesi dopo la randomizzazione e valutati ad ogni mese relativamente all’occorrenza di qualsiasi gesto auto lesivo e al trattamento farmacologico. Un gruppo di lavoro indipendente dal LAST (Independent Adjudicating Committee), in cieco rispetto alla allocazione dei trattamenti, avrà il compito di revisionare tutti gli eventi che potrebbero essere classificati come indicatore di esito primario. Risultati: Lo studio LAST è una sperimentazione pragmatica, disegnata all’interno della normativa nazionale sulle sperimentazioni finalizzate al miglioramento della pratica clinica quale parte integrante dell'assistenza sanitaria, secondo il Decreto Ministeriale 17/12/2004. Il contratto con l’AIFA per l’esecuzione del progetto di ricerca è stato firmato il 16 gennaio 2009. Il primo Investigators’ Meeting dello studio si è svolto il 6 aprile 2009 ed ha coinvolto gli operatori di oltre 75 Servizi. Alla riunione è stato presentato e discusso il protocollo di studio e sono state delineate le modalità di svolgimento del progetto. Ad oggi, 70 Servizi Psichiatrici Territoriali distribuiti su tutto il territorio nazionale hanno aderito allo studio, che ha ottenuto l’approvazione del Comitato Etico del centro coordinatore il 6 maggio 2009. Le pratiche per i comitati etici dei centri satellite sono state attivate da giugno 2009 in 23 centri, e in 3 centri lo studio è stato già approvato. Inoltre il progetto è stato valutato positivamente per l’accreditamento ECM dalla Regione Veneto. Discussione: Lo studio LAST si propone, come risultato centrale, di formare gli operatori dei servizi psichiatrici italiani ad affrontare in maniera scientificamente corretta alcune importanti questioni di rilevanza clinica. In questa ottica il criterio della multicentricità diviene il requisito fondamentale anche come elemento di condivisione di un nuovo approccio per affrontare situazioni cliniche ancora “incerte”, dove all’assenza di evidenze si possa rispondere con la pragmaticità del disegno di studio e la semplicità della randomizzazione

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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