1,720,953 research outputs found
Città e autostrada urbana
No full textLo sviluppo della mobilità privata su gomma, avvenuta a partire dal secolo scorso, ha trasformato profondamente il ruolo della strada all’interno dei contesti urbanizzati ed il sistema di relazioni che si instaurava fra di essi, mutando da un rapporto diretto, in cui la strada risultava essere una naturale estensione dell’edificato, fruibile ad una sola velocità di percorrenza, quella del pedone, ad un rapporto indiretto di elemento attraversante – la strada – ed elemento attraversato – l’insediamento.
La strada perde la sua vocazione di spazio pubblico di relazione, divenendo elemento tecnologico puro, con il solo scopo di consentire connessioni veloci anche fra ambiti urbani distanti e privi di relazioni dirette. La gestione dei volumi di traffico supera per importanza lo studio di inserimento nei contesti urbani, riducendo la progettazione delle strade ad un esercizio ingegneristico piuttosto che al governo dell’espansione della città e dei criteri insediativi che la regolano. Inoltre, la necessità di gestire le diverse velocità di percorrenza ed i diversi utilizzi della strada stessa, trova soluzione nella nascita della “strada per le auto”, sancendo la definitiva interruzione dei rapporti tra strada e insediamento. Dalla metà del novecento si riinizia a pensare alla strada come volume edificato ed elemento organizzatore dello spazio attraversato e si cerca di interpretare il complesso sistema di relazioni instaurato con i contesti urbani attraversati.
Sono molteplici gli esempi di interventi su realtà esistenti o di trasformazione e razionalizzazione della fruizione delle autostrade urbane. Nel panorama internazionale si spazia dai progetti utopistici del periodo Megastrutturista; a sporadici esempi di edificio/strada come il caso Berlinese del progetto di Heinrichs e Krebs; a vere e proprie teorizzazioni sul riutilizzo di spazi di risulta generati in ambito urbano da viadotti e svincoli; allo studio di sovrapposizioni, integrazioni e mediazioni tra velocità autostradale e staticità dei contesti insediati caratteristici degli interventi spagnoli degli anni ’90 del secolo scorso. È interessante notare come si strutturi un vero e proprio dibattito sulla importanza di interpretare e gestire le relazioni tra autostrada urbana e città, accompagnato da studi di modelli di analisi che tengano conto simultaneamente dell’elemento attraversante e dello spazio attraversato.
L’inserimento di variabili quali velocità, distanza fisica e distanza temporale, concentrazioni d’uso e volumi di traffico, unita al superamento dell’analisi bidimensionale del territorio, consente di restituire modelli interpretativi in grado di suggerire possibili strategie d’intervento su contesti esistenti o su realtà di nuova progettazione, in cui l’approccio progettuale tenda conto dei diversi punti di osservazione, dal piano strale e dal piano urbano.
L’analisi di un caso studio come il GRA, Grande Raccordo Anulare di Roma, consente di verificare l’importanza di alcune variabili, nella ricerca di possibili strategie d’intervento a soluzione delle problematiche legate alla presenza di un’autostrada veloce in un ambito urbano. L’infrastruttura nata inizialmente ad una notevole distanza dalle aree urbanizzate, si caratterizza per essere stata essa stessa promotrice dell’effetto città, spesso in assenza di programmazione, risultando ad oggi fagocitata in più punti dagli insediamenti che da essa dipendono e per cui la stessa rappresenta un’opportunità di connessione ed una profonda cesura con gli ambiti limitrofi. L’importanza dell’autostrada per gli ambiti che attraversa suggerisce ipotesi di intervento che superino il semplice tentativo di nascondere il problema dato dall’elemento attraversante, spingendosi verso la ricerca di modelli di integrazione tra infrastruttura ed edificio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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