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ANALISI COMPARATIVA DI PARAMETRI IMMUNOLOGICI SIERICI, MUCOSALI E CELLULO-MEDIATI DOPO INFEZIONE DI CAMPO DA VIRUS PRRS (PRRSV)
No full textScopo di questo lavoro è stato confrontare lo sviluppo temporale dell’immunità umorale
e cellulo-mediata in 2 gruppi di scrofette PRRS-free introdotte in un allevamento da
riproduzione infetto da PRRSV. In particolare, sono stati analizzati anticorpi IgG sierici,
IgG ed IgA salivari, risposta cellulo-mediata (test di rilascio di interferon-gamma
speciico per PRRSV). Tali parametri sono stati valutati al ine di evidenziare possibili
differenze nello sviluppo e nella cinetica della risposta immunitaria nei confronti del
virus della PRRS. Le scrofette hanno contratto l’infezione attorno alle 7-9 settimane
dall’ingresso in allevamento. Sono emersi in particolare 4 risultati salienti: A) la
precocità della risposta Ab nei liquidi orali di gruppo è analoga a quella evidenziata
nei sieri; B) buone condizioni di sanità, benessere e conduzione aziendale si associano
ad una precoce risposta immunitaria umorale e, soprattutto cellulo-mediata (test IFNgamma),
a differenza di quello che si osserva in allevamenti “problema” per PRRS; C)
la risposta cellulo-mediata presenta differenze anche elevate tra soggetti dello stesso
gruppo, ma i gruppi tendono a distinguersi chiaramente tra loro rispetto a tale parametro;
D) la positività anticorpale nel liquido orale di gruppo viene assicurata anche solo da
pochi suini sieropositivi sul totale degli 8-10 soggetti che depositano i liquidi orali.
Sono state osservate inine alcune criticità riguardo all’uso del cordino di gruppo per
il recupero dei liquidi orali in suini di età > 12 settimane, da affrontare con opportune
modiiche del protocollo d’impiego
VALUTAZIONE DELLA RISPOSTA IMMUNITARIA SIERICA, MUCOSALE E CELLULO-MEDIATA CONSEGUENTE A INFEZIONE DI CAMPO DA VIRUS PRRS (PRRSV)
No full textINTRODUZIONE: La valutazione della risposta immunitaria contro virus della Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) è importante per il monitoraggio dell’efficacia dei piani aziendali di controllo della malattia. Lo scopo del lavoro è stato quello di valutare e confrontare la cinetica dell’immunità umorale sierica e mucosale e cellulo-mediata in 2 gruppi di scrofette PRRS-free introdotte allevamento infetto da PRRSV.
MATERIALI E METODI: La presenza del virus è stata monitorata mediante real time RT-PCR [1]. Gli anticorpi specifici nel siero, e le IgG e IgA mucosali dei fluidi orali di gruppo (ottenute tramite cordino) sono stati titolati con kit commerciali. La risposta cellulo-mediata è stata valutata tramite test di rilascio di interferone-gamma specifico per PRRSV [2, 3].
RISULTATI: La precocità di comparsa della risposta anticorpale nel liquido orale è analoga a quella dei sieri e la positività del campione salivare di gruppo è assicurata anche da pochi suini sieropositivi sul totale degli utilizzatori del cordino. Le condizioni di allevamento stabile per PRRS si è associata ad una dinamica favorevole della risposta immunitaria con sostanziale accordo tra i parametri anticorpali sierici, mucosali e di risposta cellulo-mediata. Inoltre, la rilevazione della risposta anticorpale nei liquidi orali si è dimostrata assai più “robusta” rispetto alla dimostrazione del virus nel siero e nei liquidi orali stessi mediante PCR.
CONCLUSIONI: Il monitoraggio sanitario per la PRRS basato sul prelievo dei liquidi orali si è dimostrato accurato e tempestivo a fronte di un impegno logistico molto ridotto rispetto ai prelievi di sangue sul singolo animale, dimostrando inoltre un sostanziale accordo tra i parametri anticorpali sierici, mucosali e di risposta cellulo-mediata
Chlamidia Psittaci nel colombo da città: aspetti anatomo-patologici, sierologici e biomolecolari
No full textIn this study we evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae, especially C. psittaci, in synanthropic birds such as urban pigeons in some areas of Venice. Innovative molecular tools, such as microarray and MLVA (Multilocus VNTR Assay), were applied in order to evaluate the genotypes of C. psittaci and the other species of Chlamydia present in this avian population to assess the risk of zoonosis posed by pigeons in this urban area. Moreover, we classified and correlated the gross- pathological lesions with the pathogen. Our results showed the presence of C. psittaci in urban population of pigeons in Venice, with a prevalence of 10%. We also demonstrated an atypical strain of C. psittaci not yet classified with the available laboratory techniques. Genotyping revealed the presence of genotypes B, E and E/B that could be considered less frequently involved in cases of human infection. Additionally, we found other Chlamydia strains suggesting the presence of a new Chlamydia genotype. Finally, the elaboration of the data, collected during the first and second sampling phase, revealed a correlation between C. psittaci and adult females pigeons, presenting hepatomegaly. Based on this results we develop and adopted a diagnostic protocol during necropsy that allows to select pigeons, which have a higher probability to be infected, and a better organization and management of interests samples, containing the economic costs and maintaining high-level of the diagnostic standards
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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