1,721,035 research outputs found
Towards Smaller, Lighter, and More Transparent AI
Full text linkL'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Visual Navigation Using Sparse Optical Flow and Time-to-Transit
Full text linkDrawing inspiration from biology, we describe the way in which visual sensing with a monocular camera can provide a reliable signal for navigation of mobile robots. The work takes inspiration from the classic paper which described a behavioral strategy pursued by diving sea birds based on a visual cue called time-to-contact. A closely related concept of time-to-transit, tau, is defined, and it is shown that steering
laws based on monocular camera perceptions of tau can reliably steer a mobile vehicle. The contribution of the paper is two-fold. It provides a simple theory of robust vision-based steering control. It goes on to show how the theory guides the implementation of robust visual navigation using ROS-Gazebo simulations as well as deployment and experiments with a camera-equipped Jackal robot. As will be noted, there is an extensive literature on how animals use optical flow to guide their movements. The novelty of the work below is the introduction of the concepts of Eulerian optical flow and time-to-transit, tau and the demonstration that control laws based on the tau values associated with an aggregated set of features in the field of view can be used to reliably steer a laboratory robot
Linearly-interpretable concept embedding models for text analysis
Full text linkDespite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only approximate the model's decision-making processes and have been proved to be unreliable. For this reason, Concept-Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have been lately proposed in the textual field to provide interpretable predictions based on human-understandable concepts. However, CBMs still exhibit several limitations due to their architectural constraints limiting their expressivity, to the absence of task-interpretability when employing non-linear task predictors and for requiring extensive annotations that are impractical for real-world text data. In this paper, we address these challenges by proposing a novel Linearly Interpretable Concept Embedding Model (LICEM) going beyond the current accuracy-interpretability trade-off. LICEMs classification accuracy is better than existing interpretable models and matches black-box ones. We show that the explanations provided by our models are more intervenable and causally consistent with respect to existing solutions. Finally, we show that LICEMs can be trained without requiring any concept supervision, as concepts can be automatically predicted when using an LLM backbone
Aggressively prunable MAM2-based Deep Neural Oracle for ECG acquisition by Compressed Sensing
Full text linkThe growing interest in Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile biomedical applications is pushing the investigation on approaches that can be used to reduce the energy consumption while acquiring data. Compressed Sensing (CS) is a technique that allows to reduce the energy required for the acquisition and compression of a sparse signal, transferring the complexity to the reconstruction stage. Many works leverage the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for signal reconstruction and, assuming that also this operation has to be performed on a IoT device, it is necessary for the DNN architecture to fit in small and low-energy devices. Pruning techniques, that can reduce the size of DNNs by removing unnecessary parameters and thus decreasing storage requirements, can be of great help in this effort. In this work, a novel Multiply and Max&Min (MAM2) map-reduce paradigm trained with the vanishing contributes technique and then pruned with the activation rate method is proposed. The result is a naturally and aggressively pruned DNN layer structure. This structure is used to reduce the complexity of a DNN-based CS reconstructor and its performance is verified. As an example, MAM2-based layers still retain the baseline accuracy of the CS decoder with 94% of the parameters pruned against 25% when using classic MAC-based layers only
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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