130,757 research outputs found
Optothermistor as a Break Through in the Quantification of Lycopene Content of Thermally Processed Tomato-Based Foods: Comparing its Performance to Absorption Spectrophotometry and High Perforance Liquid Chromatography
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MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Optothermistor as a breakthrough in the quantification of lycopene content of thermally processed tomato-based foods: verification versus absorption spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography
No full textThis study reports on the first use of the “optothermistor” as a novel, precise, fast, and low-cost
detector of lycopene in a wide range of commercially available processed-tomato products. The
quantitative performance of the new device was evaluated by comparing data obtained to that acquired
by conventional methods, namely, absorption spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC); the linear correlation was high (R ) 0.98). The variation of data obtained
with the optothermistor in a series of consecutive measurements performed with the same loading of
the sample was better than 1%. However, the repeatability (RSD 0.5-9.0%, n ) 3-5) achieved with
the optothermistor by independent analyses (multiple loading) is comparable to that of HPLC and
spectrophotometry. Results of the studies performed on the 19 products derived from tomatoes
demonstrated that the optothermistor is suitable for selective, accurate, precise, and simple
determination of lycopene (range ) 7-75 mg/100 g of product weight) without the need for a sample
pretreatment step. The estimated sensitivity of the present optothermistor is 2 mg of lycopene/100 g
of product
Optothermal window method for on-line monitoring of decay kinetics of trans-beta-carotene in thermally treated vegetable oils
No full textThe optothermal window detection method at 488 nm was used to monitor on-line the concentration of trans-beta-carotene that was added to several vegetable oils after treating them at 200 degreesC in the presence of air for varying amounts of time. Results obtained for extra virgin oil show a direct proportionality between the rate constant describing the disappearance of trans-beta-carotene and the duration of thermal treatment. The rate constant for the decay of trans-beta-carotene in oils treated under identical conditions was also dependent on the type of oil. Trends and individual data are discussed in the light of a possible application of the method for the determination of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
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