1,721,090 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Intersection crossing and collision avoidance in driving : identification of perceptual substrate and markers of an information-movement coupling
No full textL’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier les mécanismes perceptivomoteurs qui sous-tendent la réalisation d’une tâche d’approche et de traversée d’intersection en conduite automobile. Dans la première partie de ce manuscrit les enjeux humains, économiques et sociétaux liés à la réussite d’une telle tâche sont évoqués. Les principaux résultats obtenus dans les études ayant porté sur l’identification des risques associés à la réalisation de ce type de manœuvre sont présentés. La plupart des travaux réalisés s’étant focalisés sur les processus de haut niveau (e.g., jugement d’un temps d’arrivée), nous avons souhaité durant cette thèse centrer notre attention sur les processus de bas-niveau mis en œuvre. Ce travail de thèse est adossé à l’approche Ecologique de la Perception et de l’Action qui nous a semblé proposer un cadre théorique pertinent pour étudier cette tâche complexe. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux expériences réalisées au cours de ce travail de thèse. Pour réaliser nos trois expériences, un simulateur de conduite à base fixe a été utilisé. Ce travail a permis (i) d’acquérir une meilleure compréhension du support perceptif impliqué dans la réalisation d’une tâche de traversée d’intersection et (ii) d’identifier différents marqueurs du couplage information-mouvement. Les résultats ont révélé que le support perceptif utilisé pour réaliser une tâche perceptive n’était pas le même que celui utilisé pour réaliser une tâche perceptivo-motrice. Les résultats ont également permis d’étayer la thèse selon laquelle le contrôle de la tâche d’approche et de traversée d’intersection reposerait sur un couplage information-mouvement.This Ph.D. project aims at studying the perceptual-motor mechanisms implicated in intersection crossing task. The first part of this manuscript explains the human, economic and societal challenges associated with the successfully complete the intersection crossing task. The main results of the former studies that have examined the identification of risks associated with this type of maneuver at an intersection are developed. These former studies mainly focused on high-level processes (e.g., discrete judgment or decision tasks), we have decided to focus our attention on low-level processes (e.g., visual guidance) during this Ph.D. project. For this to happen, the Ecological Approach to Perception and Action seems to be a relevant theoretical framework for studying this complex task. Indeed, it preserves the natural link between information and movement. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the experiments completed during this research. In order to carry out our three experiments, virtual reality fixed-base driving simulator was used. This work contributes to better understand the perceptual substrate involved in intersection crossing task. Also, this work identifies different markers of control based on information-movement coupling. Firstly, our results revealed that the perceptual substrate underlying judgments of arrival time of a vehicle moving towards an intersection is distinct from the perceptual substrate underlying the active control of one’s own approach to the same intersection. Secondly, the results have also strengthened the assumption that the control of approach and intersection crossing task is based on information-movement coupling
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Divided attention in driving simulation : Effects of driving experience and Impact of alcohol
No full textL'objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer l'impact de la distraction du conducteur et de la consommation d'alcool, ainsi que leurs interactions, sur les performances des conducteurs novices. Des mesures subjectives des comportements à risques et des performances objectives sur simulateur de conduite sont recueillies. Une première expérience étudie les déterminants psycho-sociaux de la prise de risque et le type de comportements à risques rapportés par les jeunes conducteurs. La seconde expérience s'intéresse aux performances lors d'une tâche d'attention divisée sur simulateur de conduite en fonction de l'expérience, de l'âge et du type d'apprentissage suivi. Enfin, la troisième expérimentation a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact de faible et forte dose d'alcool sur les performances de jeunes conducteurs, novices et expérimentés, lors d'une tâche d'attention divisée. Ces recherches permettent d'approfondir nos connaissances sur les mécanismes d'actions de la distraction et de l'alcool sur les performances du conducteur, en particulier des novices.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of driver distraction by a secondary task, alcohol consumption and their interaction on performance depending on driving experience. Objective and subjective measures are recorded. The first experience studies the determinants of risk-taking and the kind of risky driving behaviour recalled by young drivers. Differences depending on driving experience, sex, and initial training show an increment of driving risk-taking for young drivers with 3 years of driving experience and with traditional training. The aim of the second experiment is to study the effects of a divided attention task on performance depending on driving experience, age and initial training. Novice drivers have more difficulties to divide their attention between two tasks than experienced drivers, notably when one of these tasks is complex or located in peripheral vision. The third experiment studies the negative impact of alcohol (low and high doses) on young drivers' performances, novice and experienced, during a divided attention task. The classical detriment effect of alcohol on driving performance is replicated, and this effect is more pronounced for novice drivers who adopt a risky driving behaviour under the influence of alcohol, even with a low dose of alcohol. This research improves our fundamental knowledge on how distraction and alcohol impair drivers' performance, notably when they are novice
Situations complexity, experience, tension and vigilance : which impact on workload and performance of young drivers?
No full textL'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier les liens entre les facteurs accidentogènes chez les jeunes conducteurs, en analysant les effets de la complexité de la situation et de l'expérience de conduite sur la charge de travail, la tension, la vigilance et les performances. L'hypothèse générale est que les situations coûteuses, i.e. simples et très complexes, ainsi que le manque d'expérience peuvent mener à une forte dépense énergétique. Ainsi, un haut niveau de tension et un faible niveau de vigilance peuvent provoquer des dégradations de performances à travers la hausse de la charge de travail, caractérisant une surcharge du conducteur. Ceci devrait s'observer plus précocement pour les novices ayant suivi un Apprentissage Traditionnel (AT), puis pour ceux ayant suivi un Apprentissage Anticipé de la Conduite (AAC), puis pour les conducteurs arrivant à la fin du permis probatoire, et enfin pour les plus expérimentés. Une première expérimentation menée sur des données subjectives a confirmé les liens entre les niveaux de charge de travail, de tension et de vigilance en fonction de la complexité de la situation. Une seconde expérimentation menée sur des données subjectives et physiologiques a également confirmé les liens entre les niveaux de charge de travail, de tension et de vigilance, avec une sous-estimation du niveau physiologique par les novices AT. Les résultats établissant les liens entre des caractéristiques de la situation de conduite et des caractéristiques individuelles menant à des accidents de la route pourront permettre d'adapter les actions de sensibilisation et les modules de formations à la conduite.The aim of this thesis is to identify the links between the accidents factors among young drivers, by analyzing the effects of situation complexity and driving experience on workload, tension, vigilance and performance. The general hypothesis is that costly situations, i.e. simple and very complex, and the lack of experience can lead to a high energy expenditure. Thus, a high level of tension and a low level of vigilance can provoke performance impairments through the increase of workload, which characterizes an overload of the driver. This should be early observed for novices who had a traditional learning, then for early-trained novices, then for drivers arriving at the end of the probationnary period, and then for the most experienced ones. A first experiment, carried out on subjective data, has confirmed the links beween the levels of workload, tenion and vigilance depending on situation complexity. A second experiment, carried out on subjective and physiological data, has also confirmed the links between the levels of workload, tension and vigilance, with an underestimation of the pysiological level by the traditionally trained novices. The results establishing the links between the driving situation's characteristics and the individuals' characteristics leading to road accidents will allow adapting the awareness actions and the modules of driving trainings
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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