1,720,985 research outputs found
Exercise-induced improvement in vasodilatory function accompanies increased insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
No full textExercise-induced improvement in vasodilatory function accompanies increased insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
De Filippis E, Cusi K, Ocampo G, Berria R, Buck S, Consoli A, Mandarino LJ.
Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, 350 East Orange Street, P.O. Box 873704, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3704, USA.
OBJECTIVE:
The present study was undertaken to determine whether improved vasodilatory function accompanies increased insulin sensitivity in overweight, insulin-resistant subjects (OW) and type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) who participated in an 8-wk exercise training regimen.
DESIGN:
Before and after training, subjects had euglycemic clamps to determine insulin sensitivity. Brachial artery catheterization was done on another occasion for measurement of vasodilatory function. A lean, healthy, untrained group was studied as nonexercised controls.
RESULTS:
Training increased oxygen consumption (VO2) peak [OW, 29 +/- 1 to 37 +/- 4 ml/kg fat-free mass (FFM).min; T2DM, 33 +/- 2 to 43 +/- 3 ml/kg FFM.min; P < 0.05] and improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (OW, 6.5 +/- 0.5 to 7.2 +/- 0.4 mg/kg FFM.min; T2DM, 3.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mg/kg FFM.min; P < 0.05) in insulin resistance. OW and T2DM, before training, had decreased acetylcholine chloride (ACh)- and sodium nitroprusside-mediated vasodilation and decreased reactive hyperemia compared with lean controls. Training increased the vasodilatory response to ACh [OW (30 microg ACh/min), 12.2 +/- 3.4 to 19 +/- 4.2 ml/100 g.min; T2DM (30 microg ACh/min), 10.1 +/- 1.5 to 14.2 +/- 2.1 ml/100 g.min; P < 0.05] in both groups without affecting nitroprusside response.
CONCLUSION:
Because vasodilatory dysfunction has been postulated to contribute to insulin resistance, the exercise-induced improvement in vasodilatory function may signify changes in the endothelium that could contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity observed after aerobic exercise training
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The effect of pioglitazone on the liver - Role of adiponectin
No full textOBJECTIVE - Diabetic hyperglycemia results from insulin resistance of peripheral tissues and glucose overproduction due to increased gluconeogenesis (GNG). Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, but the effect on the liver is less clear. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of TZDs on GNG. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Twenty sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic subjects were randomly assigned (double-blind study) to receive pioglitazone (PIO group; 45 mg/day) or placebo (Plc group) for 4 months to assess endogenous glucose production (EGP) (3-H-3-glucose infusion), GNG (D2O technique), and insulin sensitivity by two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (240 and 960 pmol/min per m(2)). RESULTS - Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (10.0 +/- 0.8 to 7.7 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) and HbA(1c) (9.0 +/- 0.4 to 7.3 +/- 0.6%) decreased in the PIO and increased in Pic group (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). Insulin sensitivity increased similar to 40% during high insulin clamp after pioglitazone (P < 0.01) and remained unchanged in the Plc group (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). EGP did not change, while GNG decreased in the PIO group (9.6 +/- 0.7 to 8.7 +/- 0.6 mu mol center dot min(-1) kg(ffm)(-1)) and increased in the PlC group (8.0 +/- 0.5 to 9.6 +/- 0.8) (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). Change in FPG correlated with change in GNG flux (r = 0.63, P < 0.003) and in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). Plasma adiponectin increased after pioglitazone (P < 0.001) and correlated with Delta FPG (r = -0.54, P < 0.03), Delta GNG flux(r = -0.47, P < 0.05), and Delta insulin sensitivity (r = 0.65, P < 0.005). Plasma free fatty acids decreased after pioglitazone and correlated with Delta GNG flux (r = 0.54, P < 0.02). From stepwise regression analysis, the strongest determinant of change in FPG was change in GNG flux. CONCLUSIONS - Pioglitazone improves FPG, primarily by reducing GNG flux in type 2 diabetic subjects
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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