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    Evaluation of different methods to determine total serum lipids for normalization of circulating organochlorine compounds

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    Objectives Serum levels of persistent organochlorine compounds may be predictive of their body burden, if adjusted by total serum lipids. Their value may be predicted by three diVerent formulae, requiring only values of serum cholesterol and triglycerides. The study was aimed at: (i) evaluating the validity of these formulae; (ii) evaluating the inXuence of diVerent estimates on serum levels of lipid adjusted persistent organochlorine compounds. Methods We determined the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids by enzymatic assays on serum samples from 121 subjects living in a polluted area of Northern Italy. On the same samples and on an additional set from 69 pregnant women of the same area, we determined also polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene and p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. In women, analytes were determined also on adipose tissue samples. Results Formulae provided results comparable to those obtained as sum of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. In women, we found highly signiWcant relationships among lipid adjusted pollutant levels in serum and adipose tissue, independently from the used formula. Conclusions Formulae allow a valid adjustment of organochlorine compounds in serum. The algorithm proposed by Phillips et al. provides some slight advantage over the others, in terms of simplicity of use

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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