1,721,242 research outputs found
Emergency Department Presentation and Mortality Rate Due to Overdose: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Non-Fatal Overdoses.
No full textBACKGROUND: The aims of this retrospective cohort study are to describe the presentation characteristics for nonfatal overdose-related complaints at the
emergency departments (EDs) of the metropolitan area of Bologna (northern Italy), to estimate the subsequent risk of mortality by overdose, and to identify the
profiles of the subjects most at risk. METHODS: Records of patients admitted to 10 EDs for overdose between January 2004 and December 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The International Classification of Diseases was used to ascertain the cause of death. RESULTS: A total of 294 episodes of overdose involving 218 individuals were identified. The total time at risk was 1048 person-years (PY). The mortality rate for all causes was 35.48 per 1000 PY for males and 20.61 per 1000 PY for females. The mortality rate for overdose was 16.6 per 1000 PY for males and 13.74 per 1000 PY for females. In the multivariate regression analysis, the time from first ED overdose access (less than 1 year risk ratio [RR]: 7.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.32-9.39) was significantly associated with death by overdose. Males, subjects aged >30 years at presentation, patients who refused ED treatment, and those having previously contacted mental health services showed an increased mortality risk due to overdose. CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing a nonfatal overdose within the past 12 months increases the risk of mortality compared with an overdose more than 12 months earlier. Nonfatal overdose patients presenting to an ED form a specific target for prevention projects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Occurrence of cognitive impairment after age 90: usefulness and drawbacks of four broadly used concepts.
No full textBackground
Few data are available on the impact of applying different concepts to define cognitive impairment among nonagenarians and centenarians. This study explored the occurrence of four broadly used concepts in an over 90-year-old population.
Design/methods
We examined a community-based cohort of 34 people with a mean age (±S.D.) of 96.4 (±3.9) years, living in Bologna (Italy). We calculated the proportion of subjects that was given a diagnosis of cognitive impairment according to the following four commonly used concepts: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Age-Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI), Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia (CIND), and Questionable Dementia stage of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR 0.5).
Results
The proportion of subjects with cognitive impairment varied from 5.9%, according to CIND, to 32.4%, according to MCI. The four concepts identified different groups of subjects as having cognitive impairment, and no subject was given a diagnosis of cognitive impairment according to all four concepts.
Conclusion
Commonly used criteria for diagnosis of cognitive impairment can differ by a factor of five in the number of subjects they classified as impaired. Such disagreement has serious implications for prevention, as people with a mild cognitive impairment may be a suitable target group for interventions before the development of dementia
Aggressive behavior and self-harm in Borderline Personality Disorder: The role of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation in a sample of outpatients
No full textImpulsivity has often been related to aggressive and self-mutilative behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Many authors focused on the key role of emotion dysregulation in explaining vulnerability to dysfunctional behavior in BPD in addition to trait impulsivity. Furthermore, recent works have shed light on a gap in empirical research concerning the specific mechanisms by which a lack of affective regulation produces aggression proneness. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation in determining vulnerability to aggression and deliberate self-harm in a sample of BPD outpatients. Enrolled patients with BPD (N =79) completed a comprehensive assessment for personality disorder symptoms, trait impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, aggressive and self - mutilative behavior. Trait impulsivity significantly predicted both aggressive and self-mutilative proneness. Furthermore, emotion dysregulation was found significantly to account for the vulnerability to aggression and self-injury, in addition to the variance explained by impulsivity. In conclusion, these findings support evidence that emotion dysregulation plays an important role in increasing the risk of dysfunctional behavior in impulsive BPD individuals
Occurrence of cognitive impairment and dementia after the age of 60: a population-based study from Northern Italy.
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