1,721,030 research outputs found
The decline of swimming performance with advancing age: a cross-sectional study
No full textThe decline of
swimming performance with advancing age: A cross-sectional
study. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(4):932–938. 2006.—The aim of
this cross-sectional study was to measure the swimming parameters—
speed (V), stroke frequency (SF), and stroke length (SL)—
in 162 male athletes aged 50–90 (divided into 7 age groups, from
A to G) participating in the World Master Championships in the
200-m freestyle event, and to analyze the rates and magnitudes
of their age-associated declines. The swimmers were video-recorded
by 2 digital cameras during the competitions and the
swimming parameters related to every 50-m section (lap) and to
the entire race (average) subsequently measured or calculated.
Lap V and SF decreased in the second and third quarter (11 and
4% on average) and increased (3% on average) in the fourth
quarter of the race, whereas lap SL decreased from the first to
the last 50-m section. Average V (m·s1) decreased from 1.39
0.09 (group A) to 0.84 0.11 (group G); average SL (m) decreased
from 2.10 0.20 (group A) to 1.78 0.19 (group G);
and average SF (cycles·s1) decreased from 0.67 0.06 (group
A) to 0.47 0.04 (group G). One-way analysis of variance
showed significant declines in average V, SL, and SF (p 0.01)
across the 7 groups. The swimming parameters were normalized
to the highest values (set equal to 100); thereafter, a linear regression
curve was fitted and the regression equations calculated.
Decline of SF was about 2.5 times steeper than that of SL.
It was highlighted that (a) among the swimming parameters, SL
is less affected by the ageing process; (b) SL decreased from
group A through group C and thereafter tended to keep steady,
whereas the trend for SF was opposite. The results have the
potential to give master swimmers and their coaches useful information
for training program design
Determinazione e controllo delle andature di allenamento nel nuotatore: una ricerca applicativa
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
