1,720,964 research outputs found
Comparative study of urban form of colonial cities as a method : case study of Quebec and Krasnoyarsk
Full text linkMethods of urban morphology offer an opportunity to develop holistic approaches to sustaining heritage cities, which address local cultures and identities, through analysis of the evolution of place and its interpretation in spatial and architectural practices. Particularly, the dialectical relationships of elements of urban form on different scales or instances of the same element can be investigated. For example, the structure of plots is a result of the sequence of transformations, description of the history of the part of territory: multi-level diagrams with a representation of the chronological sequence of structural development could be a key to the logic of a dynamic process, even when the urban fabric presents an orthogonal grid. In fact, in these cases, we can recognize the process of transformation of the urban fabric throughout the hierarchically produced order between the roads that have come to be determined over time (readable in the arrangement of the entrances of the buildings, in the distribution of commercial activities, the height of building and largeness of the street). However, there is a difficulty in finding the key specificities of a particular piece of urban fabric, especially for specialists who investigate their indigenous environments (which they take for granted), at the stage of familiarization with the method. The paper illustrates the evidential efficiency of the comparative method, presenting the intermediate results of the ongoing comparative morphological case study of the development of an urban form of colonial cities Krasnoyarsk (Siberia, Russia) and Quebec (Canada), which were both established in the 17th century in a similar climate, and have clear morphological similarities and evident differences. The first could speak about objective features inherent in the construction of cities, regardless of the socio-political and economic context, the second can indicate the unique specificities that are most characteristic of the place under consideration
Conceptualisation of urban form of siberian historical cities
No full textThe city and its heritage are in a constant state of becoming, with new layers being added to the old, creating an increasingly complex urban palimpsests. These palimpsests are different in different locations and have temporal, spatial and disciplinary dimensions, encompassing multiple congruent layers of existence, including urban form, social and cultural forms, narratives, values and histories of place, etc. These historical parts of the city, their buildings, spaces and neighbourhoods, and their associated practices, lifestyles, rhythms and rituals, determine the character and identity of the city. This palimpsest is at the heart of this research.
We build our understanding of the new on something we already know, adding new information to the old. Similarly, continuity in the development of environments is achieved through certain similarities and continuities between old and new - both tangible (e.g. buildings) and intangible (e.g. human relationships). In sum, people need a clear starting point in the unknown in order to become familiar with it and to acquire further information. Especially in an atmosphere of radical change, we still need a starting point for habituation, orientation, familiarisation. The ways of habituation shape the interrelationship between man and his immediate environment. All this can be expressed in form.
At the same time, the production of urban form is currently in crisis in many locations around the world and requires the variety of methodologies allowing to meaningfully conceptualise forms. How should this palimpsest, which encompasses congruent socio-cultural and urban forms be studied and methodologically integrated into architectural practice? Process-based typology (Caniggia) provides some answers, but should be further clarified and complemented for the particular location. The notion of form became the starting point and fundamental concept of this work, determining the approaches and ‘philosophy’ of the entire study. Therefore, this research focuses on the physical and socio-cultural congruent layers imprinted in urban form.
First, this thesis selected the relevant definitions of the notions of form and type, enriching them with philosophical and social dimensions. It then defined and clarified the methodology that, if applied, could potentially provide continuity in the development of urban palimpsest, and enriched it with the interdisciplinary insights. The methodology is then tested and elaborated on the selected case studies of historical foundatiaonal cities (the term accepted for these study) in order to answer the question: what is common to all humanity, what is local, and what particular patterns persist over time despite change and transformation, and how? The process of local settlement formation is examined to show how local identities have been formed in the process of formation and transformation, continuously. Finally, an illustrative conceptual design research is presented to demonstrate how the established development principles can be continued in architectural practice.
Usually, Siberian cities are considered as replanned without taking into account the historical continuity. This thesis illustrates that this approach is not fully relevant by showing the presence of a distinct historical continuity. Importantly, the work shows how the transformation of the concept of type, which defined the urban form of the cities under consideration
ON METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT COMFORT APPLICABLE IN ARCHITECT’S WORK, WITH REFERENCE TO THE CITY OF ZHELЕZNOGORSK
Full text linkThe quality of the urban environment has a direct impact on humans. The criteria for assessing the qualities of the urban environment are extensive and not always measurable. The purpose of this study was to find and test methods to measure urban environment qualities that can be used by architects when working in an urban space. Urban typomorphology parameters and methods were picked out in the literature, and these then were used to analyze a specific territory to find the building parameters that are preferable for conservation and use in the development of urban areas. The study sets out sizes of urban elements and distances between them, as well as their decorative characteristics which, among other factors, can positively influence a person
Reading urban form as a studio teaching method: case study in Siberia
Full text linkQuite often heritage monument is perceived as a separate domain in Russian conservation theory and practice. Teaching practice demonstrates the situation clearly: quite commonly studio regeneration projects are conducted in isolation from the context, or lacking the methodology for preliminary analysis. However, many international concepts attempt to avoid isolation of buildings as physical objects from a cultural environment with its multi-layered history of significances (Waterton & Watson, 2015). The paper presents a case study of the application of urban morphology as a research tool and a teaching method (Caniggia & Maffei, 2001), to the Siberian context. Research group of Siberian Federal University (SFU) organized the experiment, in which students worked on the two stages of a regeneration project for the old Military camp in Krasnoyarsk. Between the two stages, the workshop was organized for students of Sapienza University and SFU to conduct a methodological study. Then the research group continued the second stage of the experiment in which examined the applicability of morphological analysis in Siberia. The qualitative difference of regeneration proposals before and after the application of morphological analysis, as well as the level of subsequent students’ proficiency, proved the potential applicability of the method in Siberian academy and practice, and effectiveness of the workshop as the tool for its introduction
Typomorphology of the Krasnoyarsk city center. Part 1. Units in historical urban fabric
Full text linkProjects of non-destructive development of historical environment requires a rich palette of methods. Urban typomorphology perceives the city as an organism consisting of tissues and hierarchically interconnected socio-spatial structures and offers: evealing social and cultural connotations while "reading" the existing urban fabric; compilation of hypothetical models of the genesis of the historical environment; methods of designing and forecasting the development of the urban fabric. Methodologically, the typomorphological analysis (G. Caniggia) can be conditionally divided into structure analysis and analysis of tissue elements or units. The paper presents the diachronic typomorphological analysis of the elements of historical urban fabric of city in Siberia. The results should be used in conjunction with the results of a typomorphological analysis of the structure. The method is able to inform the practice of pre-project research and design in order to establish cultural continuity in the development of historical urban tissue
Metrological Analysis of the Siberian City Fabric using Krasnoyarsk as an Example
Full text linkDesigning in a historical city is a work of special complexity and a vital necessity. Therefore, a rich palette
of research methods is needed to explore the existing urban fabric and design its development and
integration into modern life. Urban morphology and metrological analysis in particular offers an effective
methodological apparatus based on existing urban fabric «reading», which has shown effectiveness in
different historical territories around the world even if the original meanings or the original historical
materials are not available. In this paper, the effectiveness of metrological analysis with reference to the
fabric of the Siberian historical city is illustrated through establishment of regular patterns in land plot
configurations and sizes and corresponding social processes that underlie their emergence, evolution
and interaction. The use of this type of analysis to identify the internal logic of changing relationships
between the interrelated elements of the city organism is potentially able to inform architectural practice
on its way to preserving the identity of cities
Typomorphology of the Krasnoyarsk city center. Part 2. The structure of historical urban fabric
Full text linkThe urban fabric of historical city consists of locally developed socio-spatial structures of urban environment with the «attached» values and social meanings. In order to create projects of non-destructive development of such an environment, a rich palette of methods for pre-project design-research of the existing urban fabric and for its
further integration into modern life is required. The typomorphological analysis is used in many countries and offers a methodological apparatus that includes the «reading» of existing urban fabric, drawing up models of the genesis of historical environment and the methods of designing its development based on these models, relying on knowledge about the nature of the behavior of morphological elements. This paper illustrates the effectiveness of typomorphological analysis for the fabric of the historical city of Siberia. This study suggests the use typomorphology to inform architectural practice on the way to preserving the identity of cities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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