1,720,971 research outputs found
The methylated DNA immunoprecipitation [MeDIP] to investigate the epigenetic remodeling in cell fate determination and cancer development
No full textEpigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histone proteins, remodeling of nucleosomes, and the expression of noncoding RNAs contribute to the regulation of gene expression for the cell fate determination and tissue development. The disruption of these epigenetic mechanisms, in conjunction with genetic alterations, is a decisive element for cancer development and progression. The cancer phenotype is characterized by global DNA hypomethylation and gene-specific hypermethylation. The methylated DNA immunoprecipitation [MeDIP] is a useful approach currently used to clarify the functional consequences of DNA methylation on cell fate determination and cancer development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Retinoic acid sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to ER stress
No full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by the blockade of hematopoietic myeloid precursors at different stages of differentiation. A subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), is a paradigm of differentiation therapy since retinoic acid (RA) is able to induce leukemic blast terminal differentiation leading to cure rates exceeding 80% when administered in combination with chemotherapy. Although APL patients refractory to RA or who relapsed are very effectively treated with arsenic trioxide (ATO) in combination with RA, the elevated costs limit its use in developing countries and in first line therapy so that RA plus chemotherapy currently remain the standard of care (1, 2). Most importantly non-APL acute myeloid leukemia do not respond to RA indicating the need for novel strategies to sensitize AML cells to RA. Here we show that RA-triggered differentiation of APL cells induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress slightly activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). This is sufficient to render leukemic cell lines and human primary blasts very sensitive to doses of ER stress inducing drugs, like tunicamycin (Tm), that are not toxic for the same cells in the absence of RA or for most cell types. Furthermore we observed that low doses of Tm, even in the absence of RA, are sufficient to strongly increase ATO toxicity. Indeed both RA-sensitive and RA-resistant APL cell lines resulted sensitive to Tm-ATO combined treatment at low doses of ATO that are ineffective in the absence of ER stress. The use of inhibitors targeting specific UPR branches indicate that the Protein Kinase RNA-like Endoplasmic Reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway protects differentiating APL cells from ER stress rendering it an interesting therapeutic molecular target. Finally, we extended our observations in a non-APL model, assessing that RA sensitize the non-APL cell line HL60 to ER stress. Altogether our data indicate ER stress as a possible target for designing novel combination therapeutic strategies in AML
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Argonaute 2 as novel molecular determinant for myeloid differentiation.
Full text linkmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as crucial factors for the establishment of complex regulatory circuitries involved in the regulation of hematopoietic cell fate determination. These small non-coding RNAs to exert their functional activity are assembled in RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), where a member of Argonaute (Ago) family of proteins plays a central role in miRNA-mRNA target interaction and gene silencing. In human cells the miRNAs-Ago complex can also localize in the nucleus where Ago proteins can associate with promoter gene sequences to impact heterochromatin genomic structure and transcriptional silencing (Janowski BA et al., 2006; Meister G., 2013).
By using human myeloid cell lines and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) primary blasts we highlight Ago2 as a new player in myeloid cell fate determination. We observed that: i) Ago2 protein levels are strongly increased during 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3)-induced monocyte differentiation, whereas are down-regulated during R
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