170,175 research outputs found
Evolution, ecology and systematics of Soldanella (Primulaceae) in the southern Apennines (Italy)
No full textBackground: The populations of Soldanella (Primulaceae) of the southern Apennines (Italy) are unique within the genus for their distribution and ecology. Their highly fragmented distribution range, with three main metapopulations on some of the highest mountains (Gelbison, Sila and Aspromonte massifs) of the area, poses
intriguing questions about their evolutionary history and biogeography, and about the possibility of local endemisms.
Aims and methods: In order to clarify the phylogeny and biogeography of the three metapopulations of Soldanella in the southern Apennines, attributed to S. calabrella to date, and to identify possible local endemisms, a comparative approach based on the study of molecular, morphological and ecological characteristics of the populations was employed. Specifically, one nuclear (total ITS) and two plastid (rbcL and trnL) markers were used for the phylogenetic analyses, performed through both maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques. Among the morphological features, the glandular hair and leaf biometric traits were analysed, and the environment in which the populations grew was characterised for altitude, forest canopy composition and soil pH, C, N and organic matter.
Results and conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the lineage of Soldanella of southern Italy diverged from the Carpathians lineage during the Middle Pleistocene, and underwent an evolutionary radiation during the Late Pleistocene. The populations of the Sila and Aspromonte massifs diverged from the populations of the Gelbison massif around 380000 years ago and are probably undergoing a progressive differentiation due to their isolation. The populations on the Gelbison massif, moreover, have different morphological features from those of the Sila and Aspromonte massifs and a different ecological niche. The molecular, morphological and ecological data clearly demonstrate that the metapopulation of Soldanella on the Gelbison massif belongs to a new taxonomic unit at the species level, which we name Soldanella sacra A. & L. Bellino from the name of the massif on which it was discovered, the “Holy Mountain”
Phylogeny, ecology and systematics of Soldanella (Primulaceae) in the southern Apennines (Italy)
No full textBackground
The populations of Soldanella (Primulaceae) of the southern Apennines (Italy) are unique within the genus for their distribution and ecology. Their highly fragmented distribution range, with three main metapopulations on some of the highest mountains (Gelbison, Sila and Aspromonte massifs) of the area, poses intriguing questions about their evolutionary history and biogeography, and about the possibility of local endemisms.
Aims and methods
In order to clarify the phylogeny and biogeography of the three metapopulations of Soldanella in the southern Apennines, attributed to S. calabrella to date, and to identify possible local endemisms, a comparative approach based on the study of molecular, morphological and ecological characteristics of the populations was employed. Specifically, one nuclear (total ITS) and two plastid (rbcL and trnL) markers were used for the phylogenetic analyses, performed through both maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques. Among the morphological features, the glandular hair and leaf biometric traits were analysed, and the environment in which the populations grew was characterised for altitude, forest canopy composition and soil pH, C, N and organic matter.
Results and conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the lineage of Soldanella of southern Italy diverged from the Carpathians lineage during the Middle Pleistocene, and underwent an evolutionary radiation during the Late Pleistocene. The populations of the Sila and Aspromonte massifs diverged from the populations of the Gelbison massif around 380000 years ago and are probably undergoing a progressive differentiation due to their isolation. The populations on the Gelbison massif, moreover, have different morphological features from those of the Sila and Aspromonte massifs and a different ecological niche. The molecular, morphological and ecological data clearly demonstrate that the metapopulation of Soldanella on the Gelbison massif belongs to a new taxonomic unit at the species level, which we name Soldanella sacra A. & L. Bellino from the name of the massif on which it was discovered, the “Holy Mountain”
Malcolm C. Lyons, The Man of Wiles in Popular Arabic Literature. A Study of Medieval Arab Hero. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2012
No full textBellino Francesca. Malcolm C. Lyons, The Man of Wiles in Popular Arabic Literature. A Study of Medieval Arab Hero. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2012. In: Bulletin critique des annales islamologiques, n°30, 2016. pp. 30-31
The evolutionary ecology of Soldanella (Primulaceae) in the southern Apennines (Italy)
No full textSoldanella (Primulaceae) is a small genus of orophytes represented in the southern Apennines (Italy) by three metapopulations on some of the highest peaks of the area (Gelbison, Sila and Aspromonte massifs). Their disjointed and fragmented distribution poses intriguing questions about their phylogeny, evolutionary ecology and biogeography, here investigated through a comparative approach based on the study of molecular, morphological and ecological characteristics of 8, 5 and 2 populations on the Gelbison, Sila and Aspromonte massifs, respectively. Specifically, their phylogeny, based on nuclear (total ITS) and plastid (rbcL and trnL) markers, was derived using maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques, their glandular hair and leaf morphometry was analysed, and their environment was characterised for altitude, forest canopy composition and soil pH, C, N and organic matter. The availability of ITS sequences for the almost entirety of Soldanella species allowed also to delineate the evolution of the genus in Europe, with a special focus on the early diversification events and on the evolution of the southern Apennines populations. According to our multispecies coalescent model, the Soldanella lineage of southern Italy diverged from the Carpathians one during the early diversification of the genus in the Middle Pleistocene, and underwent an evolutionary radiation during the Late Pleistocene. The populations of the Sila and Aspromonte massifs diverged from those of the Gelbison massif around 380000 years ago, likely through vicariance, with shifts in morphology and ecological niche, and are probably undergoing a differentiation due to their isolation. The unique molecular, morphological and ecological traits of the metapopulation of Soldanella on the Gelbison massif clearly demonstrate its belonging to a new taxonomic unit at the species level, which we named Soldanella sacra A. & L. Bellino from the name of the massif on which it was discovered, the “Holy Mountain”
The Classical approach to distribution and the “natural system”
No full textThe modern reformulation of Classical analysis of value and distribution built upon Sraffa’s Production of Commodities provides quite a general and open framework to study distributive relationships, that deserves to be still explored. The present work aims to go through these relationships according to the perspective ensuing from the notion of “natural economic system”, developed by Pasinetti. The natural economic system is a sort of ideal configuration, which allows to accomplish the potentialities of the production system concerning growth, employment and the satisfaction of final wants. Actual (capitalist) economies do not normally fulfil the “natural” configuration. But this configuration can be considered a reference point in order to discriminate between the conditions that have to be verified for the system to reproduce itself and grow according to its potentialities, and the conditions that have to be regarded as pertaining to the institutional sphere. On this perspective several indications can be drawn on various aspects. In this work we shall focus on the normative conclusions that can be drawn about income distribution. Firstly a description of the characteristics and the implications of the “natural” configuration of income distribution will be provided: we will focus on natural rates of profit (which are differentiated among sectors), on the natural level of wages and on the natural rate of interest. Secondly we will depict some instruments to orientate the actual set-up of capitalistic economies towards the natural configuration. In particular we will develop a notion of uniform natural profit rate and we will describe the consequent necessary (“natural”) financial system which allows the natural accumulation of capital to be realized in a capitalistic context, where profit rates tend to be uniform.Average natural profit rate; Classical political economy; Labour theory of value; Natural system; Natural profit rates; Prices; Sraffa framework; Structural change; Surplus approach
Fictional Storytelling in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean and beyond. Ed. by C. Cupane, B. Krönung
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