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Fabbriche di mattoni - fabbriche di cultura. La riconversione di forni Hoffmann sul litorale abruzzese e laziale
No full textThe introduction of the Hoffmann kiln was a crucial turning point for the advance in bricks production techniques. The development of typological features of this kind of factory involved a high level of specialization of its spaces, but it led also to a lowered interior flexibility that makes particularly difficult its re-use after the building disposal. The possible balance between the needs of conservation and building recovery of this industrial heritage is the main topic of research that includes the listing of Hoffmann kilns in some areas of Central Italy, the development of a proper operational methodology, and its validation on two cases studies located on the coasts of Abruzzo and Lazio regions and used as new cultural incubators.Nella fabbricazione dei laterizi il passaggio dalla fase proto–industriale a quella industriale vera e propria avviene con l’introduzione del forno Hoffmann, punto di svolta per un deciso avanzamento nelle tecniche di produzione. La diffusione di questo nuovo modello di fabbrica si pone in continuità con le prassi tipiche del sistema industriale, con il ricorso alla individuazione e classificazione dei caratteri tipologici; a ciò consegue un alto livello di specializzazione degli ambienti che si traduce, inevitabilmente, in un ridotto potenziale di flessibilità interna. Sono pertanto i caratteri intrinseci di questi spazi, ben delineati e dimensionalmente predeterminati, a renderne problematica una possibile riconversione, una volta dismessa la funzione originaria. Pur il valore testimoniale che questi opifici trasferiscono non deve essere perso in nome di sole finalità trasformative che prescindono dai caratteri dell’esistente per conseguire il traguardo di un progetto di rifunzionalizzazione adeguato a un quadro esigenziale aggiornato. Tentare una possibile mediazione tra le istanze della conservazione e il necessario recupero di questo patrimonio industriale è stato l’oggetto di una ricerca che ha avuto l’avvio dal suo censimento in alcune aree dell’Italia centrale per valutarne la consistenza, al fine di individuare strategie di valorizzazione adeguate. Tutto ciò ha richiesto la messa a punto di un apparato metodologico congruente, la cui validazione è stata effettuata attraverso una sperimentazione progettuale su due casi studio, uno del litorale abruzzese e uno di quello laziale, adibiti a nuovi incubatori culturali. Il contributo vuole proporre una ricostruzione della geografia descritta dal censimento, l’approccio adottato al tema del recupero di questo singolare patrimonio industriale e gli esiti cui la sperimentazione è pervenuta, al fine di proporre strategie utili alla sua valorizzazione
La compatibilità delle tecnologie off-grid nella riqualificazione delle reti energetiche dei centri storici minori
Full text linkLa ricerca lega il tema del recupero dei piccoli centri storici italiani al
tema ambientale, proponendo il recupero sostenibile come possibilità di compiere
un'azione virtuosa nel territorio.
Lo studio di tali realtà territoriali, in particolare dell’area abruzzese colpita dal
sisma del 2009, permette di portare avanti una ricerca che mira a riqualificare un
patrimonio in abbandono da anni, ora ulteriormente compromesso dal sisma.
È stata elaborata una metodologia operativa finalizzata al recupero energetico
dei borghi che parte da un’approfondita conoscenza dell’area d’indagine, individuandone
i valori e le peculiarità. Vengono poi approfonditi gli ambiti d’intervento
e messe in luce le tecnologie applicabili, attraverso un accurato processo
di compatibilità (Zordan et al., 2002) con il contesto.
Lo studio guarda con interesse al tema delle reti energetiche, al loro stato d’uso
e di deterioramento e alla possibilità d’integrazione delle fonti di energia rinnovabile.
In particolare, si esaminano le potenzialità e le criticità dei sistemi tecnologici
off-grid, individuando la possibilità della loro applicazione nei centri storici
minori
The wooden elements as anti-seismic presidia in the built heritage of L’Aquila
No full textIl sisma del 2009 ha portato alla luce i diversi accorgimenti antisismici messi in atto nel corso dei secoli, all’indomani dei ripetuti eventi sismici che hanno colpito la città dell’Aquila, frutto di un sapere e di una cultura costruttiva legata ad una diretta osservazione dei danni, alla interpretazione intuitiva della risposta simica e alla sperimentazione di possibili contromisure.
Un ruolo rilevante è quello attribuito agli elementi lignei che con funzioni diverse vengono inseriti all’interno dell’apparecchiatura costruttiva sia dell’edilizia di base che di quella palazziata.
L’integrazione degli elementi lignei può assumere il carattere di sistema e coinvolgere l’intero apparecchio costruttivo, come nel caso dell’adozione del sistema “baraccato”, o al contrario quello di intervento puntuale legato ai singoli elementi costruttivi, come l’uso di radiciamenti lignei all’interno delle murature e delle volte o di elementi lignei che specializzano i sistemi costruttivi delle coperture.
Il presente contributo intende contribuire alla conoscenza di questi sistemi di presidio antisismico, inquadrata all’interno di una più ampia cultura costruttiva legata all’edilizia pre-moderna ed intende comprendere se i presidi antisismici, legati alla cultura edilizia locale, abbiano rappresentato un ambito di sperimentazione e di anticipazione rispetto alla cultura tecnica ufficiale espressa nella pubblicistica storica.
La metodologia prevede l’analisi delle fonti dirette, ovvero il patrimonio edilizio nelle condizioni post-terremoto, coniugata con quella delle fonti indirette, trattatistica storica e primi regolamenti antisismici,
al fine di definire in termini temporali un raffronto tra l’applicazione dei presidi lignei e la loro presenza nella pubblicistica tecnica così da valutarne il carattere di sperimentalità e, in termini analitici la considerazione dei caratteri di analogia piuttosto che di diversità rispetto alle prassi codificate.
La valutazione critica del ruolo assunto da questi particolari presidi sismici, consente di imparare dal passato nell’ottica di una conservazione dei valori materiali e costruttivi dell’edilizia storica secondo un approccio che rivaluti le regole dell’arte anche nella valutazione e scelta delle procedure d’intervento.The earthquake of 2009 has brought to light the different anti-seismic measures put in place over the centuries, in the aftermath of repeated earthquakes that hit the city of L'Aquila, as a result of a constructive culture linked to the direct observation of damage, the intuitive interpretation of the seismic response.
The integration of the wooden elements, both in the basic building and in the aristocratic building, can take the character of a system and involve the entire constructive apparatus, as in the case of the adoption of the "hut" system (sistema baraccato). Alternatively, it can be used for single building elements, such as the use of “wooden roots” (radiciamenti lignei) in the walls and vaults or wooden elements used for the construction systems of the roofing.
This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of these anti-seismic systems, framed within a broader constructive culture linked to the pre-modern building and aims at understanding whether the anti-seismic measures, linked to the local building culture, represented a field of experimentation and anticipation of the official technical culture expressed in journalism history
The methodology envisaged the analysis of direct sources, that is the built heritage in the post-earthquake conditions, and the analysis of indirect sources, that is the historical treatises and the first anti-seismic regulations to define, in terms of time, the comparison between the implementation of different measures involving the use of wooden elements and their presence in the technical publications, in order to evaluate the experimental nature and, in analytical terms, the consideration of similarities rather than of differences compared to the codified practices.
The knowledge of these presidia and the evaluation of their role allows, in order to the preservation of constructive values, to promote an approach that reassesses the “regola dell’arte”, also in the evaluation of interventions
Pre-modern antiseismic presidia in L’Aquila. Wooden elements and construction techniques in historic building
No full textThe anti-seismic systems of pre-modern building represent a field of anticipation of the official technical culture expressed in journalism history and are the result of a constructive culture linked to the observation of damage, the intuitive interpretation of the seismic response and the possible countermeasures experimentation.
The earthquake of 2009 has brought to light the different anti-seismic measures put in place over the centuries, in the aftermath of repeated earthquakes that hit the city of L'Aquila,
In particular, there are numerous wooden elements which, with different functions, are inserted inside the constructive apparatus, both in the basic building and in the aristocratic building, taking sometime the character of a system and more often that of punctual intervention used for single building elements.
This is the case of the wooden roots inside the masonry embedded with the function of wooden chains, improvement of the scarves near the masonry hammers and corners or correction of irregular masonry; similar wooden elements can be found into the structure of the masonry vaults with the role of countering the thrust and improve the box-like behaviour of the walls.
The use of additional wooden elements is the key feature of the design concepts of the roofing, in the staked trusses and box-shaped roofs, while wooden structures characterize the light cane vaults.
In order to the preservation of material and constructive values of historical building, the objective of the study is to understand, through a critical analysis the role of these particular presidia and to evaluate, according to an approach that reassesses the “rule of art”, the compatibility of the intervention modes used
Anti-seismic presidia in the historical building of l’aquila: The role of the wooden elements
No full textThe earthquake of 2009 has brought to light different anti-seismic presidia implemented over the centu-ries, in the aftermath of repeated earthquakes occurred in the city of L’Aquila, which represent the result of a knowledge and a constructive culture linked to a direct observation of the damage, the intuitive interpretation of the seismic response and the possible countermeasures experimentation.An important role is attributed to the wooden elements that have different functions and are used in the context of standard and palace building.The integration of the wooden elements can become a real system and be extended to the entire building unit, as in the case of the adoption of the ‘hut’ system (sistema baraccato). Alternatively, it can be used only for single and specific building elements, such as the use of "wooden roots" (radiciamenti lignei) in the walls and vaults or wooden elements used for the construction system of the roofing. This article aims to contribute to the knowledge of these anti-seismic systems, framed within a broader constructive culture linked to the pre-modern buildin
L’Orfanotrofio Don Minozzi ad Antrodoco. Una metodologia per il recupero e riuso delle tipologie specialistiche dell’architettura italiana del Novecento.
No full textFrom the 1920s onwards, in Italy there is an overall reorganization of the forms of social and health assistance aimed at a general overcoming of the liberal model in favor of public initiatives in the framework of the reform that the Fascist State started in 1923, in particular for children in the tuberculosis treatment and prophylaxis sector. The complex of initiatives aimed at the care and education of young people implies an update of the typological and func-tional models of reference, up to then mainly attributable to the collective dwellings of more ancient tradition, convents and colleges, up to the birth of new building types. This process also involves orphanages: the new functional objectives include the coexistence of residential, school, sports and training functions, as well as new distribution morphological structures. By articulating and merging together elements of the college, school, sanatorium, etc. the availability of reinforced concrete technology for the creation of large and flexible spaces for collective use is experimented in a modernist spirit. Within the framework of a specific social program promoted by O.N.P.M.I. for "the physical and moral assistance of war orphans" is the work of the architect Vittorio Paron, designer of several orphanages, including the one created at Antrodoco in the 1950s when Don Minozzi was at the head of the organization.
The goal of this contribution is to report the results of the validation of an operative methodology elaborated in the complex of the research activity on the topics of refurbishment, in particular also of the specific typologies of the twentieth century Italian architecture, in particular those for collective housing
Masseria Cappelli in the Valle del Chiarino, L’Aquila. Refurbishment strategies and reuse models.
No full textThe complex of the buildings, proposed as a case study, located in the Valle del Chiarino, in Abruzzo, are part of an extensive territorial system of farms that the Cappelli, an emerging family of entrepreneurs in the livestock breeding sector, realize, between Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, in their possessions that actually occupy all the grazing extensions of the south-west area of the Gran Sasso.
The farm consists of three separate buildings called: the “casone" intended for storage, the mill, used for the production of oil obtained from the seeds of beech, and the small church of San Martino, all built between 1781 and 1899 .
The close relationship that links the settlement of the farm to a territory with strong environmental and naturalistic values, is taken as a guiding criterion in the refurbishment project that chooses, as a new use, the ecomuseum that is configured as a new form of museum, which comes out of a closed place and regains the territory with which it re-establishes a bond.
Depending on the different types of buildings and their state of conservation, the refurbishment project adopts different intervention strategies: in the "casone", which maintains its original volume and is destined to host services for welcome and hospitality of the ecomuseum, it chooses, according to the criterion "of the house in the house", the insertion of a wooden box that proposes its internal spatiality, functionally redefined, on the contrary, by freely arranged specialized blocks; in the mill, which houses the ecomuseum rooms and laboratories, it chooses, according to the criterion of addition, the creation of a volume which, placed above the pre-existing wall box, extends towards the river reachable by means of a treetop walkway, both characterized by use of corten.
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how, in the refurbishment project, the objective of defining a suitable new use destination is connected to the definition of coherent operating strategies and compatible technical options
A sustainable methodology for the rehabilitation of minor historic centres. The case of seismic crater in Abruzzo Region.
No full textThe doctoral research links the issue of rehabilitation of small historic centres of Abruzzo Region hit by earthquake of 2009 to the environmental issue, proposing the reuse of this heritage through a sustainable strategy that put in network its potentiality and investigates open spaces and energy networks. The research proposes the development of an operative methodology that helps to overcome the gaps of the reconstruction process and those related to the integration of energy efficiency in historical contexts, providing indicators of compatibility and a lot of compatible solutions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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